Prevalence and recurrence rates of spontaneous pneumothorax in patients with diffuse cystic lung diseases in China.

Objectives: To investigate the prevalence and recurrence rates of spontaneous pneumothorax (SP) in patients with diffuse cystic lung diseases (DCLDs).

Methods: We retrospectively identified and analyzed medical records of patients with DCLDs encountered at the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from Jan 1, 2017 to December 31, 2023.

Results: A total of 289 patients were identified with DCLDs; 212 females and 77 males, with a median age of 48 years (range, 18-81 years).

Multifaceted pulmonary manifestations of amyloidosis: state-of-the-art update.

Introduction: Amyloidosis, a polymeric deposition disease classified according to protein subtype, may have varied pulmonary manifestations. Its anatomic-radiologic phenotypes include nodular, cystic, alveolar-septal, and tracheobronchial forms. Clinical presentation may range from asymptomatic parenchymal nodules to respiratory failure from diffuse parenchymal infiltration or diaphragmatic deposition.

Epidemiology of Antisynthetase Syndrome and Risk of Malignancy in a Population-Based Cohort (1998-2019).

Objective: Population-based epidemiology studies about antisynthetase syndrome (ASS) are lacking. Our aims were to determine the incidence and prevalence of ASS and assess malignancy risk among patients following ASS diagnosis.

Methods: A retrospective, population-based cohort of adults with incident ASS residing in Olmsted County, Minnesota, in 1998-2019, was assembled.

Corticosteroid therapy for treating acute exacerbation of interstitial lung diseases: a systematic review.

Introduction: Acute exacerbation of interstitial lung disease (AE-ILD) often results in death and poses significant challenges in clinical management. While corticosteroids are frequently employed, the optimal regimen and their clinical efficacy remain uncertain. To address this knowledge gap, we undertook a systematic review to evaluate the impact of steroid therapy on clinical outcomes in patients experiencing AE-ILD.

Imaging of Aspiration: When to Suspect Based on Imaging of Bacterial Aspiration, Chemical Aspiration, and Foreign Body Aspiration.

Aspiration-related syndromes comprise a broad spectrum of diseases affecting the airways and lung parenchyma resulting from inadvertent entry of oropharyngeal or gastric contents into the respiratory tract. The diagnosis can be challenging given lack of self-reported symptoms and unwitnessed or silent aspiration events. Aspiration is a common finding in healthy individuals suggesting that host defenses play a critical role in the pathophysiology.

"Bubbly lung", a honeycombing variant with more favorable outcome.

Background: Although radiologic honeycombing is generally associated with progressive fibrosis and a dismal prognosis, some patients display an unexpectedly indolent clinical course. We aimed to assess for variants of honeycombing associated with a more favorable prognosis.

Methods: A computer-assisted search was conducted to identify patients encountered at Mayo Clinic from 1998 to 2022 who had undergone chest CT that manifested exuberant honeycombing.

A 62-Year-Old Woman With Cough, Dyspnea, and Diffuse Lung Nodules.

A 62-year-old woman came to our hospital with worsening cough and dyspnea over the preceding week, during which time she had been treated with azithromycin and prednisone for suspected pneumonia. She had no fever, chills, or sweats, but her cough had become productive of clear to blood-tinged phlegm during the interval. Medical history was significant for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and OSA.

Presenting clinical and imaging features of patients with clinically amyopathic interstitial lung disease associated with myositis-specific autoantibodies.

Background: Lung involvement in the context of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies has significant impact on outcome; early and accurate diagnosis is important but can be difficult to achieve. In particular, patients without clinically evident muscle involvement pose a significant diagnostic challenge.

Methods: A computer-assisted search was conducted to identify patients with amyopathic interstitial lung disease associated with the presence of myositis-specific autoantibodies.

Leukemic pulmonary infiltrates in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: Clinical and imaging features.

Background: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is the most common type of leukemia in Western countries. Although various patterns of lung involvement with CLL have been reported, data on clinicoradiologic presentation are sparse.

Methods: A computer-assisted search was conducted to identify patients encountered at Mayo Clinic from 1998 to 2022 and had leukemic pulmonary infiltrates (LPI) with CLL demonstrated on lung biopsy.

Diagnosis of interstitial lung diseases: from Averill A. Liebow to artificial intelligence.

Histopathologic criteria of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP)/idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) were defined over the years and endorsed by leading organizations decades after Dr. Averill A. Liebow first coined the term UIP in the 1960s as a distinct pathologic pattern of fibrotic interstitial lung disease.

Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema: A Narrative Review.

Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema (CPFE) syndrome refers to co-occurrence of two disease processes in the lung that can be difficult to diagnose but is associated with high morbidity and mortality burden. Diagnosis of CPFE is challenging because the two diseases can counterbalance respective impairments resulting in deceivingly normal-appearing chest radiography and spirometry in a dyspneic patient. Although an international committee published the terminology and definitions of CPFE in 2022, consensus on exact diagnostic criteria and optimal management strategy is yet to be determined.

A 68-Year-Old Patient With Dyspnea and Hypoxemia After Total Hip Arthroplasty.

A 68-year-old patient with obesity (BMI, 4 7 kg/m) was transferred to the ED of our hospital because of dyspnea and pronounced hypoxemia. The patient underwent total right hip arthroplasty in an outside hospital because of osteoarthritis; there was no history of trauma. After 48 h, she experienced dyspnea with severe hypoxemia.

Long-term outcomes among adults with Langerhans cell histiocytosis.

Advances in the treatment of Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) have resulted in a growing survivor population. There is a lack of data on long-term outcomes among adults with LCH. We conducted a retrospective record review of 219 adults (aged ≥18 years) with LCH.

DIPNECH: pragmatic approach, uncertainties, notable associations, and a proposal for an improved definition.

Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is a rare, but increasingly recognized entity that primarily affects middle-aged and elderly women. It is characterized by abnormal proliferation of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells (PNECs) and is considered a preinvasive lesion for carcinoid tumorlets/tumors. Sometimes, DIPNECH is accompanied by constrictive bronchiolitis which usually manifests as chronic cough and/or dyspnea, along with airflow limitation on spirometry.

Risk Stratification in Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis: The Added Value of Lung Spirometry.

Transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR-CA) is an increasingly recognized disease that often results in heart failure and death. Traditionally, biological staging systems are used to stratify disease severity. Reduced aerobic capacity has recently been described as useful in identifying higher risk of cardiovascular events and death.

Mediastinal Paraganglioma: A retrospective analysis of 51 cases.

Background: Paragangliomas are rarely found in the mediastinum, where they account for a small proportion of mediastinal masses. This study aimed to better characterize the presenting features and relevant aspects in optimizing the diagnosis and treatment of mediastinal paragangliomas.

Methods: A computer-assisted search of electronic health records was performed to identify adult patients (≥18 years) who underwent evaluation for a primary mediastinal paraganglioma at Mayo Clinic between January 2000 and April 2022.