Does insulin resistance predict prostate cancer? Results from the Reduction by Dutasteride of Prostate Cancer (REDUCE) Trial.

Purpose: Prior studies testing the association between insulin resistance (IR) and prostate cancer (PC) risk are inconsistent. We examined the association between Homeostatic Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR; calculated from fasting baseline insulin and glucose) and PC in REDUCE, a 4-year randomized trial of dutasteride vs. placebo for PC prevention.

Change in prostate tissue gene expression following finasteride or doxazosin administration in the medical therapy for prostatic symptoms (MTOPS) study.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) may decrease patient quality of life and often leads to acute urinary retention and surgical intervention. While effective treatments are available, many BPH patients do not respond or develop resistance to treatment. To understand molecular determinants of clinical symptom persistence after initiating BPH treatment, we investigated gene expression profiles before and after treatments in the prostate transitional zone of 108 participants in the Medical Therapy of Prostatic Symptoms (MTOPS) Trial.

The association between neighborhood obesogenic factors and prostate cancer risk and mortality: the Southern Community Cohort Study.

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among men in the United States. We examined the role of neighborhood obesogenic attributes on prostate cancer risk and mortality in the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS).

Methods: From the total of 34,166 SCCS male participants, 28,356 were included in the analysis.

The association between neighborhood obesogenic factors and prostate cancer risk and mortality: the Southern Community Cohort Study.

Background: Prostate cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality among men in the United States. We examined the role of neighborhood obesogenic attributes on prostate cancer risk and mortality in the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS).

Methods: From the total of 34,166 SCCS male participants, 28,356 were included in the analysis.

Do Hispanic Puerto Rican men have worse outcomes after radical prostatectomy? Results from SEARCH.

Background: We previously reported that outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP) were similar among non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, and Hispanic White Veterans Affairs (VA) patients. However, prostate cancer (PC) mortality in Puerto Rican Hispanics (PRH) may be higher than in other Hispanic groups. Data focused on PRH patients is sparse; thus, we tested the association between PR ethnicity and outcomes after RP.

Distinctive lower incidence rates of cutaneous melanoma on the hips and lower extremities of men.

Background: Cutaneous melanomas (CMs) are more frequently found on the trunk in men, and on the hip and lower extremities (legs) in women. This discrepancy has been attributed to greater exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation of women's legs due to their dressing habits.

Objectives: To understand the sex difference in the bodily distribution of CMs, especially those on the legs.

Racial Differences in Androgen Receptor (AR) and AR Splice Variants (AR-SVs) Expression in Treatment-Naïve Androgen-Dependent Prostate Cancer.

Androgen receptor splice variants (AR-SVs) contribute to the aggressive growth of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). AR-SVs, including AR-V7, are expressed in ~30% of CRPC, but minimally in treatment-naïve primary prostate cancer (PCa). Compared to Caucasian American (CA) men, African American (AA) men are more likely to be diagnosed with aggressive/potentially lethal PCa and have shorter disease-free survival.

Evidence of Novel Susceptibility Variants for Prostate Cancer and a Multiancestry Polygenic Risk Score Associated with Aggressive Disease in Men of African Ancestry.

Background: Genetic factors play an important role in prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility.

Objective: To discover common genetic variants contributing to the risk of PCa in men of African ancestry.

Design, Setting, And Participants: We conducted a meta-analysis of ten genome-wide association studies consisting of 19378 cases and 61620 controls of African ancestry.

Metabolic syndrome is associated with aggressive prostate cancer regardless of race.

Purpose: Recent meta-analyses suggest the Metabolic Syndrome (MS) increases high-grade prostate cancer (PC), although studies are inconsistent and few black men were included. We investigated MS and PC diagnosis in black and white men undergoing prostate biopsy in an equal access healthcare system. We hypothesized MS would be linked with aggressive PC, regardless of race.

Changes in Dietary Intake of Methionine, Folate/Folic Acid and Vitamin B12 and Survival in Postmenopausal Women with Breast Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: Previous experimental studies showed that limiting methionine in the diet of animals or in cell culture media suppresses mammary cancer cell proliferation or metastasis. However, no previous study has investigated the associations of changes in methionine intake with survival among breast cancer survivors. We aimed to examine the association between changes in dietary intake of methionine, folate/folic acid, and vitamin B12 from before to after diagnosis of breast cancer, and mortality among breast cancer survivors.

Prenatal metabolomic profiles mediate the effect of maternal obesity on early childhood growth trajectories and obesity risk: the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) Study.

Background: Maternal prepregnancy obesity is an important risk factor for offspring obesity, which may partially operate through prenatal programming mechanisms.

Objectives: The study aimed to systematically identify prenatal metabolomic profiles mediating the intergenerational transmission of obesity.

Methods: We included 450 African-American mother-child pairs from the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) Study pregnancy cohort.

Prostate cancer risk stratification improvement across multiple ancestries with new polygenic hazard score.

Background: Prostate cancer risk stratification using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) demonstrates considerable promise in men of European, Asian, and African genetic ancestries, but there is still need for increased accuracy. We evaluated whether including additional SNPs in a prostate cancer polygenic hazard score (PHS) would improve associations with clinically significant prostate cancer in multi-ancestry datasets.

Methods: In total, 299 SNPs previously associated with prostate cancer were evaluated for inclusion in a new PHS, using a LASSO-regularized Cox proportional hazards model in a training dataset of 72,181 men from the PRACTICAL Consortium.

A Rare Germline HOXB13 Variant Contributes to Risk of Prostate Cancer in Men of African Ancestry.

A rare African ancestry-specific germline deletion variant in HOXB13 (X285K, rs77179853) was recently reported in Martinican men with early-onset prostate cancer. Given the role of HOXB13 germline variation in prostate cancer, we investigated the association between HOXB13 X285K and prostate cancer risk in a large sample of 22 361 African ancestry men, including 11 688 prostate cancer cases. The risk allele was present only in men of West African ancestry, with an allele frequency in men that ranged from 0.

Performance of African-ancestry-specific polygenic hazard score varies according to local ancestry in 8q24.

Background: We previously developed an African-ancestry-specific polygenic hazard score (PHS46+African) that substantially improved prostate cancer risk stratification in men with African ancestry. The model consists of 46 SNPs identified in Europeans and 3 SNPs from 8q24 shown to improve model performance in Africans. Herein, we used principal component (PC) analysis to uncover subpopulations of men with African ancestry for whom the utility of PHS46+African may differ.

Independent and Joint Effects of Testosterone Replacement Therapy and Statins use on the Risk of Prostate Cancer Among White, Black, and Hispanic Men.

The associations of testosterone therapy (TTh) and statins use with prostate cancer remain conflicted. However, the joint effects of TTh and statins use on the incidence of prostate cancer, stage and grade at diagnosis, and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) have not been studied.We identified White ( = 74,181), Black ( = 9,157), and Hispanic ( = 3,313) men diagnosed with prostate cancer in SEER-Medicare 2007-2016.

Associations of prenatal metabolomics profiles with early childhood growth trajectories and obesity risk in African Americans: the CANDLE study.

Objective: Prenatal metabolomics profiles, providing measures of in utero nutritional and environmental exposures, may improve the prediction of childhood outcomes. We aimed to identify prenatal plasma metabolites associated with early childhood body mass index (BMI) trajectories and overweight/obesity risk in offspring.

Methods: This study included 450 African American mother-child pairs from the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood Study.

Polygenic hazard score is associated with prostate cancer in multi-ethnic populations.

Genetic models for cancer have been evaluated using almost exclusively European data, which could exacerbate health disparities. A polygenic hazard score (PHS) is associated with age at prostate cancer diagnosis and improves screening accuracy in Europeans. Here, we evaluate performance of PHS (PHS, adapted for OncoArray) in a multi-ethnic dataset of 80,491 men (49,916 cases, 30,575 controls).

Trans-ancestry genome-wide association meta-analysis of prostate cancer identifies new susceptibility loci and informs genetic risk prediction.

Prostate cancer is a highly heritable disease with large disparities in incidence rates across ancestry populations. We conducted a multiancestry meta-analysis of prostate cancer genome-wide association studies (107,247 cases and 127,006 controls) and identified 86 new genetic risk variants independently associated with prostate cancer risk, bringing the total to 269 known risk variants. The top genetic risk score (GRS) decile was associated with odds ratios that ranged from 5.

Monocyte counts and prostate cancer outcomes in white and black men: results from the SEARCHÂ database.

Purpose: Circulating inflammatory markers may predict prostate cancer (PC) outcomes. For example, a recent study showed that higher peripheral blood monocyte counts were associated with aggressive PC in Asian men undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP). Herein, we investigated whether peripheral monocyte count can predict long-term PC outcomes after RP in black and white men.

Aspirin Use and Prostate Cancer among African-American Men in the Southern Community Cohort Study.

Background: The association of aspirin use with prostate cancer has been investigated, but few studies included African-American men. Here, we analyzed the relationship of aspirin intake with prostate cancer risk and mortality among African-American men in the Southern Community Cohort Study (SCCS).

Methods: SCCS recruited 22,426 African-American men between 2002 and 2009.

The Impact of Terbutaline as Adjuvant Therapy in the Treatment of Severe Asthma in the Pediatric Emergency Department.

Methods: Patients were identified using a retrospective cohort analysis from a single, tertiary care, urban children's hospital. Patients presenting directly to our emergency department aged 2 to 18 years were included if they had a diagnosis of severe asthma exacerbation, defined by an initial Respiratory Clinical Score (RCS) of 9 or higher. A total of 787 patients were identified during the study timeframe (December 16, 2017, to December 31, 2018), and of those, 651 patients met study criteria and were included in the analysis.