Neuroimaging markers of cognitive fatigue in individuals with post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Persistent cognitive fatigue (CF) is the most reported symptom in Post-Acute Sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 Infection (PASC), but little is known about its underlying neural basis. This pilot study examined fMRI brain activation patterns during a fatiguing task in those with and without PASC. We hypothesized that individuals with PASC would show changes in CF-related brain activation within fatigue network.

The relationship between HIV and reading performance for children in Tanzania.

Objective: Children with HIV (CWH) are at increased risk for cognitive and developmental delays, although HIV's influence on reading development remains unclear. Research using internationally validated reading measures with control for factors known to influence literacy outcomes is needed. The Early Grade Reading Assessment (EGRA) is a tool for assessing students' progress toward reading that has been validated across countries.

Adjunctive hyperbaric oxygen treatment for challenging pyoderma gangrenosum cases.

Introduction: Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare, difficult-to-treat neutrophilic ulcerative cutaneous condition that severely impacts those affected. Treatment options for PG are limited, and disease remission is not guaranteed. Hyperbaric oxygen treatment is a potential therapeutic option for treating various ulcerative conditions not frequently utilized for PG.

Machine learning for predicting cognitive deficits using auditory and demographic factors.

Importance: Predicting neurocognitive deficits using complex auditory assessments could change how cognitive dysfunction is identified, and monitored over time. Detecting cognitive impairment in people living with HIV (PLWH) is important for early intervention, especially in low- to middle-income countries where most cases exist. Auditory tests relate to neurocognitive test results, but the incremental predictive capability beyond demographic factors is unknown.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Enabled a Transition to Oral Steroids in an Acute Severe Ulcerative Colitis Flare.

Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized in part by a dysregulated response to tissue hypoxia. While intravenous (IV) steroids are the mainstay of treatment for acute severe UC (ASUC), up to one-third of patients are refractory to steroids alone and require rescue therapy.

Case Description: A 71-year-old female with extensive UC on infliximab presented with abdominal pain and more than 10 bloody bowel movements per day.

Patient-Reported Outcome Measures Following Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Radiation Cystitis: Early Results From the Multicenter Registry for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy.

Purpose: Our purpose was to determine changes in patient-reported hematuria and urinary symptoms after hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment for radiation cystitis (RC).

Materials And Methods: We analyzed prospectively collected data from the Multicenter Registry for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy Consortium accumulated within a week of beginning and ending HBO. Measures included the modified Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) Hematuria Scale, Urinary Distress Inventory Short Form, and EuroQol Five Dimension Five Level instrument.

Central auditory test performance predicts future neurocognitive function in children living with and without HIV.

Tests of the brain's ability to process complex sounds (central auditory tests) correlate with overall measures of neurocognitive performance. In the low- middle-income countries where resources to conduct detailed cognitive testing is limited, tests that assess the central auditory system may provide a novel and useful way to track neurocognitive performance. This could be particularly useful for children living with HIV (CLWH).

Auditory neural processing in children living with HIV uncovers underlying central nervous system dysfunction.

Objective: Central nervous system (CNS) damage from HIV infection or treatment can lead to developmental delays and poor educational outcomes in children living with HIV (CLWH). Early markers of central nervous system dysfunction are needed to target interventions and prevent life-long disability. The frequency following response (FFR) is an auditory electrophysiology test that can reflect the health of the central nervous system.

Pre-flight body weight effects on urinary calcium excretion in space.

Microgravity-induced bone loss increases urinary calcium excretion which increases kidney stone formation risk. Not all individuals show the same degree of increase in urinary calcium and some pre-flight characteristics may help identify individuals who may benefit from in-flight monitoring. In weightlessness the bone is unloaded, and the effect of this unloading may be greater for those who weigh more.

Nationwide survey of medical student interest in and exposure to aerospace medicine.

Aerospace Medicine is experiencing a renaissance. Commercial spaceflight is now a reality, meaning that individuals with a variety of medical conditions will be flying in space. NASA has Mars plans, and SpaceX plans to send humans to Mars within the next decade, so today's medical students may be future physicians on these crews.

Web-Based, Interactive, Interest-Based Negotiation Training for Managing Conflict in Isolated Environments: Opportunistic Study With an e-Survey.

Background: Effective negotiation in relationships is critical for successful long-duration space missions; inadequate conflict resolution has shown serious consequences. Less desirable forms of negotiation, including positional bargaining (eg, negotiating prices), can exacerbate conflicts. Traditional positional bargaining may work for simple, low-stakes transactions but does not prioritize ongoing relationships.

Preliteracy assessment in children living with HIV in Tanzania: comparison to results from children living without HIV in Tanzania and the United States.

Objective: Children with HIV (CWH) are at increased risk for cognitive and developmental delays. Whether HIV affects literacy development, however, remains unknown. Rapid automatized naming (RAN) tasks offer the simplest preliteracy assessment a child can perform that predicts future reading skills across languages.

Peripheral Auditory Function in Tanzanian Children Living With HIV With Clinically Normal Hearing.

Importance: Despite normal audiometry, adults living with HIV have lower distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) compared with HIV-negative controls, but the degree of these differences in children living with HIV is unknown. If subclinical auditory deficits are present, results could affect developmental outcomes in children living with HIV (CLWH).

Objective: To compare DPOAEs and auditory brainstem responses (ABR) between 2 age- and sex-matched groups of younger children with normal audiometry, 1 infected with HIV and the other uninfected.

Bone loss and kidney stone risk in weightlessness.

Purpose Of Review: Weightlessness increases both bone loss and kidney stone formation risk. The large interior volume of the International Space Station (ISS) has allowed for a mix of exercise devices to help maintain the skeleton. But space exploration is changing.

A Central Auditory Test reveals differences between drug treatment regimens in adults living with HIV.

Objective: This exploratory study examined whether central auditory tests show differences between people living with HIV (PLWH) treated with two predominant antiretroviral drug therapy (ART) regimens.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Study Sample: 253 PLWH (mean age 39.

Sensitizing brain metastases to stereotactic radiosurgery using hyperbaric oxygen: A proof-of-principle study.

Purpose: Increased oxygen levels may enhance the radiosensitivity of brain metastases treated with stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). This project administered hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) prior to SRS to assess feasibility, safety, and response.

Methods: 38 patients were studied, 19 with 25 brain metastases treated with HBO prior to SRS, and 19 historical controls with 27 metastases, matched for histology, GPA, resection status, and lesion size.

Prospective measurements of hearing threshold during military rifle training with in-ear, protected, noise exposure monitoring.

Although a causal relationship exists between military occupational noise exposure and hearing loss, researchers have struggled to identify and/or characterize specific operational noise exposures that produce measurable changes in hearing function shortly following an exposure. Growing evidence suggests that current standards for noise-exposure limits are not good predictors of true hearing damage. In this study, the aim was to capture the dose-response relationship during military rifle training exercises for noise exposure and hearing threshold.

The role of routine pulmonary imaging before hyperbaric oxygen treatment.

Respiratory injury during or following hyperbaric oxygen treatment (HBOT) is rare, but associated pressure changes can cause iatrogenic pulmonary barotrauma with potentially severe sequelae such as pneumothoraces. Pulmonary blebs, bullae, and other emphysematous airspace abnormalities increase the risk of respiratory complications and are prevalent in otherwise healthy adults. HBOT providers may elect to use chest X-ray routinely as a pre-treatment screening tool to identify these anomalies, particularly if a history of preceding pulmonary disease is identified, but this approach has a low sensitivity and frequently provides false negative results.

International Multicenter Registry for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy: Results through June 2021.

Introduction: The International Multicenter Registry for Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (International Report Registered Identifier DERR1-10.2196/18857) was established in 2011 to capture outcomes and complications data for both Undersea and Hyperbaric Medical Society (UHMS) approved and selected unapproved hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy indications.

Methods: A Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) template was designed and distributed to all participating centers for prospective data collection.