Use of Social Media to Source Medical Information Among Parents of Pediatric Otolaryngology Clinic Patients: A Survey Study.

Objective: The reach and impact of social media as it pertains to medical information among the parents and guardians of pediatric otolaryngology patients is unknown. This survey-based study investigates the use of social media as a source of medical knowledge in this population.

Methods: Parents and guardians visiting a pediatric Otolaryngology clinic located at a tertiary care children's hospital in southern California from September 2022 to May 2023 were approached for study inclusion.

Nanotechnology at the crossroads of stem cell medicine.

Nanotechnology in stem cell medicine is an interdisciplinary field which has gained a lot of interest recently. This domain addresses key challenges associated with stem cell medicine such as cell isolation, targeted delivery, and tracking. Nanotechnology-based approaches, including magnetic cell sorting, fluorescent tagging, and drug or biomolecule conjugation for delivery, have enhanced precision in stem cell isolation and guided cell migration, increasing the therapeutic potential.

The lipid flippase ATP8A1 regulates the recruitment of ARF effectors to the trans-Golgi Network.

Formation of transport vesicles requires the coordinate activity of the coating machinery that selects cargo into the nascent vesicle and the membrane bending machinery that imparts curvature to the forming bud. Vesicle coating at the trans-Golgi Network (TGN) involves AP1, GGA2 and clathrin, which are recruited to membranes by activated ARF GTPases. The ARF activation at the TGN is mediated by the BIG1 and BIG2 guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs).

Public health and social entrepreneurs as activators of equitable health ecosystems.

Objectives: To describe approaches that public health and social entrepreneurs take to address health equity, and identify strategies for equitable collaborations with these entrepreneurs.

Methods: We leveraged data from semi-structured interviews, conducted August to October 2022, with 20 public health and social entrepreneurs who focus on drivers of health and health equity. Two researchers employed content analysis, guided by a prior framework.

Supplemental oxygen requirement after tonsillectomy in children >3 years of age.

Introduction: The indications for postoperative admission after tonsillectomy in children >3 years of age are less well defined than for children <3 years old, and typically include severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), obesity, comorbidities, or behavioral factors. Inpatient care after tonsillectomy typically consists of respiratory monitoring and support, as respiratory compromise is the most common complication after pediatric tonsillectomy. We aim to evaluate risk factors associated with postoperative oxygen supplementation and to identify high risk populations within the admitted population who use additional resources or require additional interventions.

Glutamate delta-1 receptor regulates oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation and myelination in normal and demyelinating conditions.

In this study, we investigated the role of glutamate delta 1 receptor (GluD1) in oligodendrocyte progenitor cell (OPC)-mediated myelination during basal (development) and pathophysiological (cuprizone-induced demyelination) conditions. Initially, we sought to determine the expression pattern of GluD1 in OPCs and found a significant colocalization of GluD1 puncta with neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2, OPC marker) in the motor cortex and dorsal striatum. Importantly, we found that the ablation of GluD1 led to an increase in the number of myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG+) cells in the corpus callosum and motor cortex at P40 without affecting the number of NG2+ OPCs, suggesting that GluD1 loss selectively facilitates OPC differentiation rather than proliferation.

The Arf-GEF GBF1 undergoes multi-domain structural shifts to activate Arf at the Golgi.

Golgi homeostasis require the activation of Arf GTPases by the guanine-nucleotide exchange factor requires GBF1, whose recruitment to the Golgi represents a rate limiting step in the process. GBF1 contains a conserved, catalytic, Sec7 domain (Sec7d) and five additional (DCB, HUS, HDS1-3) domains. Herein, we identify the HDS3 domain as essential for GBF1 membrane association in mammalian cells and document the critical role of HDS3 during the development of .

Glutamate delta 1 receptor regulates autophagy mechanisms and affects excitatory synapse maturation in the somatosensory cortex.

The glutamate delta family of receptors is composed of GluD1 and GluD2 and serve as synaptic organizers. We have previously demonstrated several autism-like molecular and behavioral phenotypes including an increase in dendritic spines in GluD1 knockout mice. Based on previous reports we evaluated whether disruption of autophagy mechanisms may account for these phenotypes.

Cost-Effectiveness of Outreach Strategies for Stool-Based Colorectal Cancer Screening in a Medicaid Population.

Outreach, including patient navigation, has been shown to increase the uptake of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening in underserved populations. This analysis evaluates the cost-effectiveness of triennial multi-target stool DNA (mt-sDNA) versus outreach, with or without a mailed annual fecal immunochemical test (FIT), in a Medicaid population. A microsimulation model estimated the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio using quality-adjusted life years (QALY), direct costs, and clinical outcomes in a cohort of Medicaid beneficiaries aged 50-64 years, over a lifetime time horizon.

Current Approaches for Integrating Responsible and Ethical Conduct of Research (RECR) Education into Course-based Undergraduate Research Experiences: A National Assessment.

Course-based undergraduate research experiences (CUREs), which often engage students as early as freshman year, have become increasingly common in biology curricula. While many studies have highlighted the benefits of CUREs, little attention has been paid to responsible and ethical conduct of research (RECR) education in such contexts. Given this observation, we adopted a mixed methods approach to explore the extent to which RECR education is being implemented and assessed in biological sciences CUREs nationwide.

Controlling High Blood Pressure: An Evidence-Based Blueprint for Change.

Recently published national data demonstrate inadequate and worsening control of high blood pressure (HBP) in the United States, outcomes that likely have been made even worse by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. This major public health crisis exposes shortcomings of the US health care delivery system and creates an urgent opportunity to reduce mortality, major cardiovascular events, and costs for 115 million Americans. Ending this crisis will require a more coherent and systemic change to traditional patterns of care.

Persistence of choking injuries in children.

Background: Choking injuries are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in children and represent a significant public health concern. Evaluating trends and the impact of interventions are essential to highlight whether progress has been made and to target public health efforts.

Objective: To investigate how rates of nonfatal and fatal choking injuries have changed before and after 2010 when policy recommendations were made by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

A mixed-methods analysis of patient safety incidents involving opioid substitution treatment with methadone or buprenorphine in community-based care in England and Wales.

Background And Aims: Opioid substitution treatment is used in many countries as an effective harm minimization strategy. There is a need for more information about patient safety incidents and the resulting harm relating to this treatment. We aimed to characterize patient safety incidents involving opioid substitution treatment with methadone or buprenorphine in community-based care by: (i) identifying the sources and nature of harm and (ii) describing and interpreting themes to identify priorities to focus future improvement work.

Quantification of Neighborhood-Level Social Determinants of Health in the Continental United States.

Importance: An association between social and neighborhood characteristics and health outcomes has been reported but remains poorly understood owing to complex multidimensional factors that vary across geographic space.

Objectives: To quantify social determinants of health (SDOH) as multiple dimensions across the continental United States (the 48 contiguous states and the District of Columbia) at a small-area resolution and to examine the association of SDOH with premature mortality within Chicago, Illinois.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this cross-sectional study, census tracts from the US Census Bureau from 2014 were used to develop multidimensional SDOH indices and a regional typology of the continental United States at a small-area level (n = 71 901 census tracts with approximately 312 million persons) using dimension reduction and clustering machine learning techniques (unsupervised algorithms used to reduce dimensions of multivariate data).

Rhinosinusitis in Pediatric Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia: Impact of Disease.

Objectives: Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal respiratory cilia ultrastructure and/or function causing defective mucociliary clearance. We investigated the extent and severity of rhinosinusitis in a large cohort of children with PCD and explored associations among risk factors, including genotype and sinus disease.

Study Design: Retrospective chart review.

MitCHAP-60 and Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia SPG-13 Arise from an Inactive hsp60 Chaperonin that Fails to Fold the ATP Synthase β-Subunit.

The human mitochondrial heat shock protein 60 (hsp60) is a tetradecameric chaperonin that folds proteins in the mitochondrial matrix. An hsp60 D3G mutation leads to MitCHAP-60, an early onset neurodegenerative disease while hsp60 V72I has been linked to SPG13, a form of hereditary spastic paraplegia. Previous studies have suggested that these mutations impair the protein folding activity of hsp60 complexes but the detailed mechanism by which these mutations lead the neuromuscular diseases remains unknown.