Environmental microbial reservoir influences the bacterial communities associated with Hydra oligactis.

The objective to study the influence of microbiome on host fitness is frequently constrained by spatial and temporal variability of microbial communities. In particular, the environment serves as a dynamic reservoir of microbes that provides potential colonizers for animal microbiomes. In this study, we analyzed the microbiome of Hydra oligactis and corresponding water samples from 15 Hungarian lakes to reveal the contribution of environmental microbiota on host microbiome.

Symbiotic Algae of Play a Key Role in Maintaining Homeostatic Bacterial Colonization.

The freshwater polyp () harbors endosymbiotic algae in addition to a species-specific microbiome. The molecular basis of the symbiosis between and has been characterized to be metabolic in nature. Here, we studied the interaction between the extracellularly located microbiota and the algal photobiont, which resides in 's endodermal epithelium, with main focus on bacterium.

Functions of the Microbiota for the Physiology of Animal Metaorganisms.

Animals are usually regarded as independent entities within their respective environments. However, within an organism, eukaryotes and prokaryotes interact dynamically to form the so-called metaorganism or holobiont, where each partner fulfils its versatile and crucial role. This review focuses on the interplay between microorganisms and multicellular eukaryotes in the context of host physiology, in particular aging and mucus-associated crosstalk.

Metabolic co-dependence drives the evolutionarily ancient symbiosis.

Many multicellular organisms rely on symbiotic associations for support of metabolic activity, protection, or energy. Understanding the mechanisms involved in controlling such interactions remains a major challenge. In an unbiased approach we identified key players that control the symbiosis between and its photosynthetic symbiont sp.