Pulsed radiofrequency application in the treatment of chronic pain.

The efficacy of pulsed radiofrequency (PRF) in the treatment of painful lumbosacral spondylosis has been reported. This case series reviews 22 consecutive patients presenting to clinic who had been previously treated with PRF with good results. Patients being prescribed opioids were excluded.

Anesthesia drugs, immunity, and long-term outcome.

Purpose Of Review: We provide an overview of the immunological effects of commonly used anesthetic drugs and highlight their potential impact on long-term outcome after surgery.

Recent Findings: Clinical trials provide preliminary evidence that the perioperative process can influence long-term patient outcome. Immunology may begin to elucidate the biology of this safety concern and open new therapeutic opportunities.