Recent Breakthroughs in PET-CT Multimodality Imaging: Innovations and Clinical Impact.

This review presents a detailed examination of the most recent advancements in positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) multimodal imaging over the past five years. The fusion of PET and CT technologies has revolutionized medical imaging, offering unprecedented insights into both anatomical structure and functional processes. The analysis delves into key technological innovations, including advancements in image reconstruction, data-driven gating, and time-of-flight capabilities, highlighting their impact on enhancing diagnostic accuracy and clinical outcomes.

Random survival forest model for early prediction of Alzheimer's disease conversion in early and late Mild cognitive impairment stages.

With a clinical trial failure rate of 99.6% for Alzheimer's Disease (AD), early diagnosis is critical. Machine learning (ML) models have shown promising results in early AD prediction, with survival ML models outperforming typical classifiers by providing probabilities of disease progression over time.

GenoSiS: A Biobank-Scale Genotype Similarity Search Architecture for Creating Dynamic Patient-Match Cohorts.

Many patients do not experience optimal benefits from medical advances because clinical research does not adequately represent them. While the diversity of biomedical research cohorts is improving, ensuring that individual patients are adequately represented remains challenging. We propose a new approach, GenoSiS, which leverages machine learning-based similarity search to dynamically find patient-matched cohorts across different populations quickly.

Factors Contributing to Lack of Adherence to Antihypertensive Medications Among Patients at Nishtar Hospital in Multan, Pakistan.

Background: Hypertension affects 26.7% of Pakistan's population, with only 6% achieving control. This study investigates antihypertensive medication adherence in Multan, focusing on socioeconomic and patient-related factors influencing non-adherence to study the lack of adherence to antihypertensive medications in hypertensive patients and its associated factors at Nishtar Hospital in Multan, Pakistan.

The Adaption of Recent New Concepts in Neural Radiance Fields and Their Role for High-Fidelity Volume Reconstruction in Medical Images.

Volume reconstruction techniques are gaining increasing interest in medical domains due to their potential to learn complex 3D structural information from sparse 2D images. Recently, neural radiance fields (NeRF), which implicitly model continuous radiance fields based on multi-layer perceptrons to enable volume reconstruction of objects at arbitrary resolution, have gained traction in natural image volume reconstruction. However, the direct application of NeRF to medical volume reconstruction presents unique challenges due to differences in imaging principles, internal structure requirements, and boundary delineation.

Silicon nanoparticles and indole butyric acid positively regulate the growth performance of by ameliorating oxidative stress under chromium toxicity.

Chromium (Cr) toxicity hampers ornamental crops' growth and post-harvest quality, especially in cut flower plants. Nano-enabled approaches have been developing with phenomenal potential towards improving floricultural crop production under heavy metal-stressed conditions. The current pot experiment aims to explore the ameliorative impact of silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs; 10 mM) and indole butyric acid (IBA; 20 mM) against Cr stress (0.

Pulmonary matrix-derived hydrogels from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis induce a proinflammatory state in lung fibroblasts in vitro.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), one of the most common forms of interstitial lung disease, is a poorly understood, chronic, and often fatal fibroproliferative condition with only two FDA-approved medications. Understanding the pathobiology of the fibroblast in IPF is critical to evaluating and discovering novel therapeutics. Using a decellularized lung matrix derived from patients with IPF, we generate three-dimensional hydrogels as in vitro models of lung physiology and characterize the phenotype of fibroblasts seeded into the hydrogels.

A novel homozygous FAM92A gene (CIBAR1) variant further confirms its association with non-syndromic postaxial polydactyly type A9 (PAPA9).

Polydactyly is a very common digit anomaly, having extra digits in hands and/or toes. Non-syndromic polydactyly in both autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive forms are caused by disease-causing variants in several genes, including GLI1, GLI3, ZNF141, FAM92A, IQCE, KIAA0825, MIPOL1, STKLD1, PITX1, and DACH1. Whole exome sequencing (WES) followed by bi-directional Sanger sequencing was performed for the single affected individual (II-1) of the family to reveal the disease causative variant/gene.

Mitigating potential of polystyrene microplastics on bioavailability, uptake, and toxicity of copper in maize (Zea mays L.).

The coexistence of polystyrene microplastics (PSMPs) and copper (Cu) has become a pressing issue for croplands. However, limited literature is available regarding the interaction of PSMPs with essential micronutrients in Cu-contaminated soils. Therefore, the present study aimed to analyze the immobilization potential of PSMPs for micronutrient bioavailability in soil and Cu toxicity in maize (Zea mays L.

Unveiling the nexus between perceived overqualification and knowledge hiding: Moderated mediation analysis of job crafting and job boredom.

Purpose: Grounding on relative deprivation theory, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between perceived overqualification (POQ) and knowledge hiding. Furthermore, this study investigated the mediating role of job boredom and the moderating effect of job crafting.

Design: /Methodology/Approach: This study employs Hayes' PROCESS model to analyze data obtained from 374 employees working in the hospitality and tourism industry.

Gamification in hospitality: Enhancing workplace thriving and employee well-being.

This study examines the effect of gamification on workplace thriving and employee well-being in the hospitality and tourism organizations, investigating the mediating effects of conflict resolution and working relationships while assessing the moderating influence of top management support. We conducted a time-lagged study with 451 employees from various hospitality and tourism organizations. Our research aimed to understand how gamification affects workplace thriving and employee well-being, with a focus on the mediating roles of conflict resolution and working relationships.

Cross Culture Examination of Perceived Overqualification, Psychological Well-Being and Job Search: The Moderating Role of Proactive Behavior.

Purpose: This study delves into the intricate interplay between perceived overqualification, job search behavior, psychological well-being, and proactive behavior, within two distinct and diverse work settings.

Methods: Drawing upon the Person-Job Fit theory, we investigated these dynamics in two unique samples: Sample 1 encompassed corporate sector employees in the United Arab Emirates (N=409), while Sample 2 comprised IT sector workers in Pakistan (N=337). Hayes PROCESS macro were used to examine the proposed hypotheses and AMOS (Version 28) were conducted to examine model fitness.

First insights into per-and polyfluoroalkyl substance contamination in edible fish species of the Indus water system of Pakistan.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are a group of emerging contaminants, that have a wide range of applications in industrial and commercial products. The direct discharge of untreated industrial and domestic wastewater into freshwater bodies is a common practice in developing countries, which are the main contributors to PFASs in the aquatic environment. The situation is further worsened due to poor wastewater treatment facilities and weak enforcement of environmental regulations in countries like Pakistan.

The Utility of CT Coronary Angiography in Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the coronary arteries is a relatively common finding in routine coronary angiography. Of late, there has been considerable improvement in the success rate of percutaneous intervention for coronary CTO, attributed to technological advancement and skills development. CT coronary angiogram (CTCA) is a simple, non-invasive, and cost-effective test that aids in the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease, including CTOs.

Malignant Airway Obstruction and Endobronchial Stent Placement: A Systematic Review on the Efficacy and Safety.

The systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endobronchial stent placement for malignant airway obstruction.  A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases to identify relevant studies. Cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, and case-control studies examining the outcomes of endobronchial stent placement in patients with malignant airway obstruction were included.

Association of leukocyte telomere attrition in coronary artery disease in Pakistani population: A case-control study with meta-analysis.

Background: Coronary arteries disease (CAD) is one of the primary causes of mortality worldwide. Genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors have been hypothesized in the pathogenesis of CAD. Leukocyte telomere length (LTL) has been proposed as a potential biomarker for early detection of atherosclerosis.

Linking public leadership with project management effectiveness: Mediating role of goal clarity and moderating role of top management support.

Objective: Grounding on social learning theory (SLT), this study examines the effect of public leadership on project management effectiveness (PME). Further, this study examines the mediating role of goal clarity and moderating role of top management support.

Methodology: Hierarchical linear regressions were used to investigate the relationships.

Malignant Airway Obstruction and the Use of Nd:YAG Laser: A Systematic Review on Its Efficacy and Safety.

Endobronchial malignancies with significant airway obstruction can lead to multiple complications including pneumonia, and atelectasis over a period of time. Various intraluminal treatments have proven their value in palliative treatment for advanced malignancies. Nd:YAG (neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet; Nd:Y3Al5O12) laser has established its role as a major palliative intervention due to its minimal side effects and improvement in quality of life by relieving local symptoms.

Monkeypox Detection Using CNN with Transfer Learning.

Monkeypox disease is caused by a virus that causes lesions on the skin and has been observed on the African continent in the past years. The fatal consequences caused by virus infections after the COVID pandemic have caused fear and panic among the public. As a result of COVID reaching the pandemic dimension, the development and implementation of rapid detection methods have become important.

Multiple Brain Tumor Classification with Dense CNN Architecture Using Brain MRI Images.

Brain MR images are the most suitable method for detecting chronic nerve diseases such as brain tumors, strokes, dementia, and multiple sclerosis. They are also used as the most sensitive method in evaluating diseases of the pituitary gland, brain vessels, eye, and inner ear organs. Many medical image analysis methods based on deep learning techniques have been proposed for health monitoring and diagnosis from brain MRI images.

Balloon mitral valvuloplasty: a re-emerging technique enhanced with real-time, three-dimensional transoesophageal cardiac ultrasound/echocardiography (3D-TOE).

We describe the case of a woman in her 60s with mitral stenosis, rate-controlled atrial fibrillation and a history of childhood rheumatic fever. She successfully underwent elective percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy (PTMC), also described as balloon mitral valvuloplasty, for severe, symptomatic mitral stenosis. This was completed via right femoral vein access, trans-septal puncture and commissural separation guided by real-time three-dimensional (3D) transoesophageal echocardiography under general anaesthesia.

Positive remodelling of coronary arteries on computed tomography coronary angiogram: an observational study.

Background: Coronary artery disease (CAD) due to atherosclerosis is projected to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide until 2040. CAD affects approximately 2.6 million people in the United Kingdom (UK), and 1 in 4 of them do not experience any symptoms.