Effectiveness, Adherence and Safety of Home High Flow Nasal Cannula in Chronic Respiratory Disease and Respiratory Insufficiency: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: The effectiveness of home high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) for the treatment of chronic respiratory failure in patients with chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) has not been summarized. We aimed to conduct a systematic review of the effectiveness, adherence, and safety of HFNC in the long-term treatment of patients with chronic respiratory diseases and respiratory failure.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted.

High-Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy as an Adjuvant Therapy for Respiratory Support during Endoscopic Techniques: A Narrative Review.

High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a respiratory support technique that delivers a controlled concentration of oxygen with high flow, heat, and humidity via the nasal pathway. As it has many physiological effects, its use has increased for a variety of clinical indications; however, there is limited guidance on using HFNC as a respiratory support tool during endoscopic procedures. We conducted a narrative review to evaluate the effect of HFNC as an adjuvant tool during fiberoptic bronchoscopy (FOB), upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy, and surgical procedures in adults.

[Intermediate Respiratory Care Units: Questions and Answers].

The intermediate respiratory care units (UCRI) are areas of monitoring and specialized care of patients with acute or chronic-exacerbated respiratory failure, whose severity does not require admission to an intensive care unit, but which due to their complexity cannot be treated in conventional hospitalization. Although the COVID-19 pandemic has proven its usefulness in the management of critical respiratory patients, the historical trajectory of the UCRI comes from many years ago, in which its cost-effectiveness has been demonstrated by far. This document presents a series of questions and answers on the history of the UCRI, in addition to the criteria for admission, infrastructure, human and technical resources, and the types of existing Units.

Long-Term Effect of Noninvasive Ventilation on Diaphragm in Chronic Respiratory Failure.

Purpose: Home non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is recommended in patients with COPD and hypercapnic chronic respiratory failure (HCRF). The mechanism by it can improve alveolar ventilation during spontaneous breathing is not yet completely explained. Our aim is to evaluate the impact of on diaphragm muscle function in a series of patients with HCRF.

A predictive score at admission for respiratory failure among hospitalized patients with confirmed 2019 Coronavirus Disease: a simple tool for a complex problem.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has implacably stricken on the wellness of many countries and their health-care systems. The aim of the present study is to analyze the clinical characteristics of the initial wave of patients with COVID-19 attended in our center, and to identify the key variables predicting the development of respiratory failure. Prospective design study with concurrent data retrieval from automated medical records of all hospitalized adult patients who tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rRT-PCR assay performed on respiratory samples from March 2nd to 18th, 2020.

Deoxynucleoside therapy for respiratory involvement in adult patients with thymidine kinase 2-deficient myopathy.

Background: Recessive mutations in the thymidine kinase 2 ( gene cause a rare mitochondrial myopathy, frequently with severe respiratory involvement. Deoxynucleoside therapy is currently under investigation.

Research Question: What is the impact of nucleosides in respiratory function in patients with TK2-deficient myopathy?

Study Design And Methods: Retrospective observational study of patients treated with deoxycytidine and deoxythymidine.

Acute hypokinetic-rigid syndrome following SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Objective: To report a case of a patient infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) who acutely developed a hypokinetic-rigid syndrome.

Methods: Patient data were obtained from medical records from the Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre in Madrid, Spain. [I]-ioflupane dopamine transporter (DaT) SPECT images were acquired 4 hours after a single dose of 185 MBq of I-FP-CIT.

The addition of a humidifier device to a circuit and its impact on home ventilator performance: a bench study.

Introduction And Objectives: Humidification and non-invasive ventilation are frequently used together, despite the lack of precise recommendations regarding this practice. We aimed to analyse the impact of active external and built-in humidifiers on the performance of home ventilators, focusing on their pressurization efficacy and their behaviour under different inspiratory efforts.

Methods: We designed a bench study of a lung simulator programmed to emulate mechanical conditions similar to those experienced by real respiratory patients and to simulate three different levels of inspiratory effort: five different commonly used home NIV devices and active humidifiers attached to the latter (internal or "built-in") or to the circuit (external).

Morbidity and mortality of serious gastrointestinal complications after lung transplantation.

Background: Gastrointestinal complications after lung transplatation are associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. This study aims to describe severe gastrointestinal complications (SGC) after lung transplantation.

Methods: We performed a prospective, observational study that included 136 lung transplant patients during a seven year period in a tertiary care universitary hospital.

Late-onset thymidine kinase 2 deficiency: a review of 18 cases.

Background: TK2 gene encodes for mitochondrial thymidine kinase, which phosphorylates the pyrimidine nucleosides thymidine and deoxycytidine. Recessive mutations in the TK2 gene are responsible for the 'myopathic form' of the mitochondrial depletion/multiple deletions syndrome, with a wide spectrum of severity.

Methods: We describe 18 patients with mitochondrial myopathy due to mutations in the TK2 gene with absence of clinical symptoms until the age of 12.

Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in patients with severe chronic respiratory insufficiency.

Introduction And Objective: Although sleep disordered breathing is common in patients with a severe chronic respiratory insufficiency (SCRI), there is few information on its prevalence. Our aim was to describe the prevalence and characteristics of the obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) in these patients.

Material And Methods: Prospective and observational study carried out on patients with a SCRI included in a waiting list for a lung transplantation and who had undergone a standard polysomnography.

Videolaryngoscopy With Noninvasive Ventilation in Subjects With Upper-Airway Obstruction.

Background: Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) titration may be difficult when dynamic airway obstruction episodes persist, even with high expiratory positive airway pressure (EPAP). We aimed to determine the usefulness of videolaryngoscopy during NIV for identifying mechanisms and sites of obstruction and for providing a guide for their resolution in difficult-to-titrate subjects.

Methods: When obstructions during NIV were present in the built-in software, EPAP was raised to 12 cm HO.

[Spanish patients with central hypoventilation syndrome included in the European Registry. The 2015 data].

Introduction: Congenital Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (CCHS) is a very rare genetic disease. In 2012 the European Central Hypoventilation Syndrome (EuCHS) Consortium created an online patient registry in order to improve care.

Aim: To determine the characteristics and outcomes of Spanish patients with CCHS, and detect clinical areas for improvement.

Arterial Stump Thrombosis after Lung Resection Surgery: Clinical Presentation, Treatment and Progress.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of arterial stump thrombosis (AST) after pulmonary resection surgery for lung cancer and to describe subsequent radiological follow-up and treatment.

Material And Methods: Observational, descriptive study of AST detected by computerized tomography angiography (CT) using intravenous contrast. Clinical and radiological variables were compared and a survival analysis using Kaplan-Meier curves was performed after dividing patients into 3 groups: patients with AST, patients with pulmonary embolism (PE), and patients without AST or PE.

[Prognosis following acute exacerbation of COPD treated with non-invasive mechanical ventilation].

Introduction: Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who survived an acute exacerbation with acute respiratory failure that required non-invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) are a group with a poor medium-term prognosis.

Objective: To identify re-admission and mortality rates within one year from discharge and to analyse factors associated with both events in a consecutive series of COPD patients treated with NIMV.

Methods: A cohort of 93 COPD patients who survived an acute exacerbation and who required NIMV was followed up after discharge.

[Use of positron emission tomography in assessing hidden extrathoracic metastasis in non small cell lung cancer].

Introduction: Positron emission tomography combined with computed axial tomography (PET/CT) is used for staging non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aims to describe PET/CT findings of unsuspected extrathoracic metastasis when used in mediastinal evaluation of patients with apparently resectable NSCLC.

Patients And Method: Prospective and concurrent study including all NSCLC patients between June 2004 and November 2006 who underwent PET/CT after considering them as candidates for surgery, with resectable disease after bronchoscopy, thorax and abdominal CT, brain CT and bone gammagraphy evaluation, if metastasis at these locations were suspected.

[Bronchioloalveolar carcinoma in Spain: a rare and different form of lung cancer].

Objective: To describe a series of cases of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) treated surgically between 1993 and 1997 in the 19 hospitals that make up the Bronchogenic Carcinoma Cooperative Group of the Spanish Society of Pulmonology and Thoracic Surgery (GCCB-S).

Patients And Methods: From a total of 2,944 cases of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), 82 (3%) were BAC. The clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients with BAC were compared with those of the remaining 2,862 patients with NSCLC.