Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Morbidity in Patients with Urolithiasis: An Epidemiological Approach Based on Hospitalization Burden Data from 1997 to 2021.

Patients with kidney stones (KSFs) are known to have a heightened risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) or stroke. The objective of the present study was to describe the natural history of these complications through the longitudinal analysis of the hospitalizations due to kidney stones in Spain from 1997 to 2021. : A retrospective longitudinal observational study was developed based on nationwide hospitalization data (minimum basic data base).

Activation of mitoK channels induces penile vasodilation and inhibits mitochondrial respiration and ROS production: Role of NO.

Objective: Mitochondrial ATP-sensitive K (mitoK) channels are involved in neuronal and cardiac protection from ischemia and oxidative stress. Penile erection is a neurovascular event mediated by relaxation of the erectile tissue via nitric oxide (NO) released from nerves and endothelium. In the present study, we investigated whether mitoK channels play a role in the control of penile vascular tone and mitochondrial dynamics, and the involvement of NO.

Hospitalization Burden of Patients with Kidney Stones and Metabolic Comorbidities in Spain during the Period 2017-2020.

Nephrolithiasis has become an increasing worldwide problem during the last decades. Metabolic syndrome, its components, and related dietary factors have been pointed out as responsible for the increasing incidence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the trends in the hospitalization rates of patients with nephrolithiasis, hospitalization features, costs, and how metabolic syndrome traits influence both the prevalence and complications of lithiasic patients.

Hyperoxaluria Induces Endothelial Dysfunction in Preglomerular Arteries: Involvement of Oxidative Stress.

Unlabelled: Urolithiasis is a worldwide problem and a risk factor for kidney injury. Oxidative stress-associated renal endothelial dysfunction secondary to urolithiasis could be a key pathogenic factor, similar to obesity and diabetes-related nephropathy. The aim of the present study was to characterize urolithiasis-related endothelial dysfunction in a hyperoxaluria rat model of renal lithiasis.

Endothelial Dysfunction: An Intermediate Clinical Feature between Urolithiasis and Cardiovascular Diseases.

Unlabelled: An epidemiological relationship between urolithiasis and cardiovascular diseases has extensively been reported. Endothelial dysfunction is an early pathogenic event in cardiovascular diseases and has been associated with oxidative stress and low chronic inflammation in hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke or the vascular complications of diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study is to summarize the current knowledge about the pathogenic mechanisms of urolithiasis in relation to the development of endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular morbidities.

Differential contribution of renal cytochrome P450 enzymes to kidney endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress in obesity.

Arachidonic acid (AA)-derived cytochrome P450 (CYP) derivatives, epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and 20-hidroxyeicosatetranoic acid (20-HETE), play a key role in kidney tubular and vascular functions and blood pressure. Altered metabolism of CYP epoxygenases and CYP hydroxylases has differentially been involved in the pathogenesis of metabolic disease-associated vascular complications, although the mechanisms responsible for the vascular injury are unclear. The present study aimed to assess whether obesity-induced changes in CYP enzymes may contribute to oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in kidney preglomerular arteries.

Activation of AMP kinase ameliorates kidney vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation in rodent models of obesity.

Background And Purpose: Obesity is a risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease independent of diabetes, hypertension and other co-morbidities. Obesity-associated nephropathy is linked to dysregulation of the cell energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). We aimed here to assess whether impairment of AMPK activity may cause renal arterial dysfunction in obesity and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of activating renal AMPK.

Urolithiasis Develops Endothelial Dysfunction as a Clinical Feature.

Unlabelled: An increased risk of cardiovascular morbidity has been reported in lithiasic patients. In this context, endothelial dysfunction (ED), an earlier status of atherogenesis, has been identified in hyperoxaluria rat models of urolithiasis.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the endothelial vascular function in patients with urolithiasis in relation to systemic inflammatory, oxidative stress, and vascular function serum markers.

Activation of the AMP-related kinase (AMPK) induces renal vasodilatation and downregulates Nox-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a cellular energy sensor activated during energy stress to stimulate ATP production pathways and restore homeostasis. AMPK is widely expressed in the kidney and involved in mitochondrial protection and biogenesis upon acute renal ischemia, AMPK activity being blunted in metabolic disease-associated kidney disease. Since little is known about AMPK in the regulation of renal blood flow, the present study aimed to assess the role of AMPK in renal vascular function.

Differential contribution of Nox1, Nox2 and Nox4 to kidney vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in obesity.

Oxidative stress-associated endothelial dysfunction is a key pathogenic factor underlying the microvascular complications of metabolic disease. NADPH oxidase (Nox) is a major source of oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy and chronic kidney disease, despite Nox4 and Nox2 have been identified as relevant sources of vasodilator endothelial HO.The present study was sought to investigate the role of Nox enzymes in renal vascular oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction in a rat model of genetic obesity.

Hydrogen peroxide derived from NADPH oxidase 4- and 2 contributes to the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation of intrarenal arteries.

The role of NADPH oxidase (Nox)-derived reactive oxygen species in kidney vascular function has extensively been investigated in the harmful context of oxidative stress in diabetes and obesity-associated kidney disease. Since hydrogen peroxide (HO) has recently been involved in the non-nitric oxide (NO) non-prostanoid relaxations of intrarenal arteries, the present study was sought to investigate whether NADPH oxidases may be functional sources of vasodilator HO in the kidney and to assess their role in the endothelium-dependent relaxations of human and rat intrarenal arteries. Renal interlobar arteries isolated from the kidney of renal tumor patients who underwent nephrectomy, and from the kidney of Wistar rats, were mounted in microvascular myographs to assess function.

[Laparoscopic Boari Flap ureteral reimplantation.].

Objectives: To report our initial experience with laparoscopic Boari flap ureteral reimplantation and to review the main technical elements in ureteral reconstructive surgery.

Methods: In a 10-year period we performed 23 laparoscopic ureteral reimplantations. Three cases required a Boari flap.

Metabolic syndrome contributes to renal injury mediated by hyperoxaluria in a murine model of nephrolithiasis.

Metabolic syndrome (MS) individuals have a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease through unclear pathogenic mechanisms. MS has been also related with higher nephrolithiasis prevalence. To establish the influence of MS on renal function, we designed a murine model of combined metabolic syndrome and hyperoxaluria.

Ureteroscopy for the treatment of urinary stones. Past, present and future.

Objectives: Ureteroscopy has been considered one of the most revolutionary techniques in modern urology for the treatment of urinary stones. The developments of new ureteroscopes, ancillary techniques or fragmentation devices have contributed to that evolution. To describe the evolution of imaging systems, auxiliary techniques and fragmentation methods for treatment of urinary stones from its beginnings to present time, with special emphasis on the different trends in the technique for the nearest future.

Decision analysis for economic evaluation of the management of chronic obstructive uropathy.

Objectives: To test which is the best treatment for chronic obstructive uropathy: urinary diversion using a conventional double-J ureteral stent or the metal thermo-expandable MemokathTM 051 prosthesis.

Methods: We collected cost data of the insertion of a double-J stent taking into account preoperative and postoperative visits and surgery. Structural, medical, consumables and the prosthesis costs were considered.

Renocolic fistula as a complication of radiofrequency in the treatment of renal cell carcinoma.

Method: Beyond postoperative suspicion, retrograde pyelogram was performed, the images of which are displayed, and demonstrated the fistula.

Results: Treatment has been definitive nephrectomy after failed attempt to seal the fistula with suture and TachoSil.

Conclusions: Although radiofrequency ablation can be a valid technique for treating small renal tumors in patients with high morbidity, it is not without significant complications as described in this case, despite the precautions taken.

An intervention to improve the adequacy of referrals from primary care to a department of urology.

Introduction: This study analyses the effect of two interventions implemented in order to improve adherence to the terms of a protocol for referring patients from primary care to a urology department.

Material And Method: A telephone counselling line for professionals was implemented, and joint training sessions were held (twice, at six-month intervals). The terms "appropriate" and "inappropriate" were used to identify referrals complying with the locally developed protocol and those that did not, respectively.

[Usefulness of cytokines as surgical aggression markers in the ischemia-reperfusion syndrome and post transplant renal function in an experimental model of laparoscopic vs. open renal autotransplantation].

Objectives: To analyze the modifications induced by laparoscopic and open nephrectomies in living donor transplantation on cytokines, to evaluate operative trauma of different surgical techniques and the influence on ischemia/reperfusion syndrome and renal function.

Methods: Thirty pigs underwent left nephrectomy, 15 by laparoscopy and 15 by open approach in an experimental autotransplantation model.

Results: Serum level of IL-2, IL-6, IL-10 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) were lower during laparoscopic than open nephrectomy: 6.

[Outpatient female stress urinary incontinence surgery: budget impact study].

Objectives: The surgical procedures for the insertion of tension free vaginal tapes in the treatment of female stress urinary incontinence (SUI) are simple and can be done as outpatient operations. The aim of this study was to perform a budget study comparing TVT in an outpatient basis with transobturator tape (TOT) with hospital admission.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of the medical records of 23 patients undergoing surgery for SUI between October 2004 and October 2005.

[Renal autotransplantation: a valid option in the resolution of complex cases].

Objectives: To analyze the current indications for renal autotransplantation, as well as the technical features, complications and long-term follow-up of the technique.

Methods: From 1990 to 2005 we have performed autotransplantation in 10 patients, 7 adults and 3 children. The indication was established due to vascular pedicle pathology in 8 cases and ureteral lesion in 2.

[Arterial hypertension in associated with congenital unilateral stenosis of the ureteropelvic junction].

Objectives: To report one case of hypertension in association with congenital unilateral stenosis of the ureteropelvic junction (UPJ).

Methods: We describe the case of a 19- year-old male patient without urologic symptoms who was incidentally diagnosed of high blood pressure. Radiological tests showed right hydronephrosis suggestive UPJ stenosis.

[Malignant recurrence of a penile cutaneous horn].

Objectives: To report one case of malignant recurrence of a cutaneous horn of the glans penis.

Methods: We report the case of a 66-year-old male patient presenting with penile discomfort over several months. Physical examination showed a corneal lesion in the glans-penis, the biopsy of which was reported as hyperkeratosis on top of pseudoepiteliomatous hyperplasia.