Internal Organ Colonization by Enteritidis in Layer Pullets Infected at Two Different Ages During Rearing in Cage-Free Housing.

The poultry-housing environment plays a significant role in the transmission and persistence of the egg-associated pathogen Enteritidis in laying flocks. The commercial egg industry is in the midst of a transition toward cage-free housing, but the food safety ramifications of this shift are not yet certain. The present study assessed internal organ colonization by Enteritidis in layer pullets reared in cage-free housing and infected at two different ages.

Serotype Screening of Subspecies I by Intergenic Sequence Ribotyping (ISR): Critical Updates.

(1) Background: Foodborne illness from subspecies I is most associated with approximately 32 out of 1600 serotypes. While whole genome sequencing and other nucleic acid-based methods are preferred for serotyping, they require expertise in bioinformatics and often submission to an external agency. Intergenic Sequence Ribotyping (ISR) assigns serotype to in coordination with information freely available at the National Center for Biotechnology Information.

Research Note: Internal organ colonization by Salmonella Enteritidis in experimentally infected layer pullets reared at different stocking densities in indoor cage-free housing.

Contamination of eggs by Salmonella has often been identified as a source of food-borne human illness. S. Enteritidis is deposited inside developing eggs when invasive infections of laying hens reach the reproductive organs.

Tissue Colonization and Egg and Environmental Contamination Associated with the Experimental Infection of Cage-Free Laying Hens with Braenderup.

In 2018, a national recall of shell eggs in the United States occurred due to human illness caused by Braenderup. Although previous studies have identified Braenderup in laying hens and the production environment, little is known about the ability of this serovar to infect laying hens and contaminate eggs. The objective of this study was to examine the invasiveness of Braenderup in laying hens as well as its ability to persist in the production environment.

Equivalency of peroxyacetic acid to chlorine as a shell egg sanitizing rinse.

In the United States, all shell eggs processed under the USDA Agricultural Marketing Service voluntary grading standards must receive a shell sanitizing rinse of 100-200 ppm chlorine or its equivalent after leaving the washing process. A study was conducted to determine the concentration of peroxyacetic acid (PAA) which would be equivalent to 100-200 ppm chlorine (Cl) in reducing target organisms under the required washing conditions for shell eggs. Three isolates of Salmonella spp.

Tissue-, age- and dose-dependent changes in avian β-defensin and LEAP2 mRNA abundance in the intestines of Typhimurium challenged broilers.

is a pathogen normally found in the gastrointestinal tract of poultry. The objective of this study was to determine changes in avian β-defensin (AvBD) and liver-enriched antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) mRNA following challenge. Day of hatch chicks were challenged with 10, 10 or 10 colony-forming units (cfu) of .

Reviewing Mobile Apps to Control Heart Rate in Literature and Virtual Stores.

Background: Information and communications technologies are transforming our social interactions and life-styles. One of the most promising applications of information technology is healthcare and wellness management that characterized by early detection of conditions, prevention, and long-term healthcare management.

Objective: The main purpose of this document is to do a study, first about the actual literature about mobile phone applications to measure and control heart-rate and second a study about these applications themselves, analyzing the different app stores more popular nowadays, Google Play Store and iTunes (for Android and iOS devices respectively).