[Pseudoluxation C2-C3 in childhood].

Cervical spine injury is rare in children. It is seen primarily in those who sustain significant, severe blunt trauma, occurring in 1 to 2 percent of such cases. The interpretation of cervical spine radiographs and the clinical examination in children may be difficult.

Clinical outcomes of minimally invasive versus open approach for one-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion at the 3- to 4-year follow-up.

Purpose: Supporters of minimally invasive approaches for transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) have reported short-term advantages associated with a reduced soft tissue trauma. Nevertheless, mid- and long-term outcomes and specifically those involving physical activities have not been adequately studied. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes of mini-open versus classic open surgery for one-level TLIF, with an individualized evaluation of the variables used for the clinical assessment.

Development and kinematic verification of a finite element model for the lumbar spine: application to disc degeneration.

The knowledge of the lumbar spine biomechanics is essential for clinical applications. Due to the difficulties to experiment on living people and the irregular results published, simulation based on finite elements (FE) has been developed, making it possible to adequately reproduce the biomechanics of the lumbar spine. A 3D FE model of the complete lumbar spine (vertebrae, discs, and ligaments) has been developed.