Endoscopic Treatment of Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease: A Narrative Review of Full-Endoscopic and Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic Spine Surgery.

Background: Degenerative lumbar spine disease is the leading cause of disability and work absenteeism worldwide. Lumbar microdiscectomy became the standard treatment for herniated discs and stenotic disease. With the evolution of different techniques, endoscopic spinal surgery emerged to minimize the surgical footprint while providing at least non-inferior results.

Five-step unilateral biportal endoscopic surgery for central lumbar canal stenosis: "Z" technique nuance.

The treatment for lumbar spinal stenosis has advanced through the use of minimally invasive surgery techniques. Endoscopic methods go even further, with studies showing that both uniportal and biportal endoscopic techniques have outcomes comparable to traditional approaches. However, there is limited knowledge of the step-by-step decompression process when using the unilateral biportal endoscopic (UBE).

How I do it: the biportal endoscopic inclined-ipsilateral technique to decompress the lumbar lateral recess.

Background: Various full-endoscopic techniques have been developed to reach the lateral recess of the lumbar spine. However, specialized surgical tools, including expensive spinal endoscopic systems, and a steeper learning curve to mastering the technique are required.

Method: We present a novel target-addressed unilateral biportal endoscopic technique to reach directly the lumbar lateral recess, particularly useful at L4-L5 and L5-S1.

The Role and Clinical Outcomes of Endoscopic Spine Surgery of Treating Spinal Metastases; Outcomes of 29 Cases From 8 Countries.

Objective: We aim to report the outcomes and feasibility of endoscopic spine surgery used to treat symptomatic spinal metastases patients. This is the most extensive series of spinal metastases patients who underwent endoscopic spine surgery.

Methods: A worldwide collaborative network group of endoscopic spine surgeons, named 'ESSSORG,' was established.

Full-endoscopic foraminotomy in low-grade degenerative and isthmic spondylolisthesis: a patient-specific tailored approach.

Purpose: To describe the surgical technique and methodology to successfully plan and execute an endoscopic foraminotomy in patients with isthmic or degenerative spondylolisthesis, according to each patient's unique characteristics.

Methods: Thirty patients with degenerative or isthmic spondylolisthesis (SL) with radicular symptoms were included from March 2019 to September 2022. Treating physician registered patients' baseline and imaging characteristics, as well as preoperative back pain VAS, leg pain VAS and ODI.

A 30-Year Worldwide Research Productivity of Scientific Publication in Full-Endoscopic Decompression Spine Surgery: Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis.

Objective: The ever-growing number of articles related to full-endoscopic spine surgery published in the last few decades presents a challenge which is perplexing and time-consuming in identifying the current research status. The study aims to identify and analyze the most cited works related to full-endoscopic decompression spine surgery, compare the articles published by different publishers and area, and show the current publication status of full-endoscopic research.

Methods: Using Bibliometrix, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer, we analyzed the bibliometric data selected from the Web of Science database between 1992 and 2022.

Bibliometric analysis and description of research trends on transforaminal full-endoscopic approach on the spine for the last two-decades.

Objective: The study aims to assess the current development status of transforaminal full-endoscopic spine surgery (TFES) by exploring and analyzing the published literature to obtain an overview of this field and discover the evolution and emerging topics that are underrepresented.

Methods: Using Bibliometrix, CiteSpace, and VOSviewer, we analyzed the bibliometric data selected from the Web of Science Core Collection between January 2002 and November 2022. The descriptive and evaluative analyses of authors, institutes, countries, journals, keywords, and references are compiled.

Transforaminal Endoscopic Decompression for Foraminal Stenosis: Single-Arm Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

Objective: The objective of the study was to conduct a single-arm meta-analysis and comprehensive systematic review to identify the efficacy and safety of transforaminal endoscopic surgery for the treatment of lumbar foraminal stenosis (LFS).

Methods: The meta-analysis was performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses statement. The PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases were searched from inception to February 20, 2022.

How to deal with this complication: Intraoperative anterior cage migration in L5-S1 resolved with a lumbar hybrid fusion technique.

Anterior cage migration is the most infrequent and dangerous complication seen in posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) procedures. We report the case of a 74-year-old woman who underwent PLIF at the L5-S1 level. During the surgery, one of the PLIF-cages dislodged anteriorly into the abdominal cavity without vascular injury.

Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic-Guided Transcorporeal Vertebroplasty with Neural Decompression for Treating a Traumatic Lumbar Fracture of L5.

Background: Lumbar burst fractures (complete or incomplete) of L5 have a low incidence, accounting for 1.2% of all spinal burst fractures. Treatment for these fractures remains controversial.

Ten-Step Biportal Endoscopic Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Under Computed Tomography-Based Intraoperative Navigation: Technical Report and Preliminary Outcomes in Mexico.

Background: The principal advantage of intraoperative spinal navigation is the ease of screw placement. However, visualization and the integration of navigation can be explored with the use of navigation-guided full-endoscopic techniques.

Objective: To describe the stepwise intraoperative navigation-assisted unilateral biportal endoscopic transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (UBE-TLIF) technique and to present our preliminary results in a Mexican population.

Lateral Lumbar Interbody Fusion (LLIF): An Update.

Unlabelled: Degenerative lumbar spine disease (DLSD) is a heterogenous group of conditions that can significantly affect patients' quality of life. Lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF) is one of the treatment modalities for DLSD that has been increasing in popularity over the past decade. The treatment of DLSD should be individualized based on patients' symptoms and characteristics to maximize outcomes.

A Novel, Minimally Invasive Hybrid Technique to Approach Intracanal Herniated Thoracic Discs.

Background: Multiple options exist for thoracic disc herniation (TDH). However, when a specific technique is chosen, the goal is to avoid the manipulation of the spinal cord, which is already compressed.

Objective: To describe a hybrid endoscopic technique for intracanal TDH by combining an oblique paraspinal approach (OPA) and transforaminal full-endoscopic discectomy.

Minimally Invasive Craniocervical Decompression for Chiari 1 Malformation: An Operative Technique.

Chiari malformation type 1 (CM-1) is an ectopia of the cerebellar tonsils below the foramen magnum that causes severe disability due to its neurologic symptoms. The treatment of choice for CM-1 is decompression of the craniovertebral junction (CVJ). In some patients only an extradural decompression by removing the atlanto-occipital ligament may be sufficient.

Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Patients with Lumbar Degenerative Disease with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Purpose Of Study:  Standard treatment protocols for lumbar degenerative lesions in the setting of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are lacking. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes of minimally invasive oblique lumbar interbody fusion (MI-OLIF) in RA patients having degenerative lumbar spine lesions.

Methods:  This was a retrospective hospital-based case series (evidence level 4).

Treatment of spinal malignant fibrous histiocytoma, a case report and literature review.

Objective: To present a case of spinal malignant fibrous histiocytoma in the fourth lumbar vertebra that received treatment by an L4 spondylectomy and placement of intervertebral expander and posterior fixation.

Case Report: A 47-year-old male patient with no relevant history presented with lumbar pain of 2 months' evolution. Treated conservatively, with slight improvement in pain, the patient persisted with low back pain irradiation to pelvic members, predominantly left-sided, accompanied by weakness and claudication.

Contralateral Sublaminar Endoscopic Approach for Removal of Lumbar Juxtafacet Cysts Using Percutaneous Biportal Endoscopic Surgery: Technical Report and Preliminary Results.

Background: Use of a contralateral sublaminar endoscopic approach may minimize facet violation and better visualize the dura and cystic lesions during operation. The aim of this study was to introduce a surgical technique for contralateral sublaminar endoscopic removal of lumbar juxtafacet cysts using a percutaneous biportal endoscopic approach.

Methods: Ten cases of lumbar juxtafacet cyst were consecutively treated via a contralateral sublaminar endoscopic approach using percutaneous biportal endoscopic surgery.

Dimensions of the spinous process and interspinous space: a morphometric study.

Purpose: To measure the morphological dimensions of the spinous process (SP) and interspinous space, and provide a basis for the development of interspinous devices for the Korean or East Asian populations.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the anatomical parameters of 120 patients. The parameters included height, length, and width of SP, interspinous distance (supine, standing, and dynamic), cortical thickness of SP, and spino-laminar (S-L) angle.

Can Percutaneous Biportal Endoscopic Surgery Achieve Enough Canal Decompression for Degenerative Lumbar Stenosis? Prospective Case-Control Study.

Objective: Recently, full-endoscopic lumbar decompression has shown encouraging clinical outcomes. However, there are no reports as to whether sufficient lumbar decompression through full-endoscopic procedures can be achieved. The purpose of this study is to investigate the radiologic outcomes of percutaneous biportal endoscopic decompression compared with those of conventional microscopic decompressive surgery.

Delayed Infected Pseudomeningocele After Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Diskectomy.

Background: Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar diskectomy (PELD) has evolved over the last decades and has become an effective treatment for soft disk herniations. However, while its use increases, newer complications have been discovered.

Case Description: We present the unique case of a woman who underwent PELD/foraminotomy to treat right-side foraminal disk herniations on L4-5 and L5-S1 in the same procedure.

Percutaneous endoscopic transpedicular approach for high-grade down-migrated lumbar disc herniations.

Background: Surgical options for removing high-grade down-migrated lumbar disc herniations located medial to the pedicle include an extensive laminectomy and facetectomy. A direct percutaneous endoscopic approach through the pedicle for reaching the herniated disc without risk of iatrogenic instability is feasible.

Method: The transpedicular approach consists of creating a tunnel through the pedicle.