Self-Organized Proactive Routing Protocol for Non-Uniformly Deployed Underwater Networks.

Electromagnetic (EM) waves cannot propagate more than few meters in sea water due to the high absorption rate. Acoustic waves are more suitable for underwater communication, but they travel very slowly compared to EM waves. The typical speed of acoustic waves in water is 1500 m/s, whereas speed of EM waves in air is approximately 3 × 10 m/s.

Self-Organizing and Scalable Routing Protocol (SOSRP) for Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks.

Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks (UASN) have two important limitations: a very aggressive (marine) environment, and the use of acoustic signals. This means that the techniques for terrestrial wireless sensor networks (WSN) are not applicable. This paper proposes a routing protocol called "Self-Organizing and Scalable Routing Protocol" (SOSRP) which is decentralized and based on tables residing in each node.

Self-Organized Fast Routing Protocol for Radial Underwater Networks.

An underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) is an emerging technology for environmental monitoring and surveillance. One of the side effects of the low propagation speed of acoustic waves is that routing protocols of terrestrial wireless networks are not applicable. To address this problem, routing strategies focused on different aspects have been proposed: location free, location based, opportunistic, cluster based, energy efficient, etc.

Early Experience with the Latest-Generation Biological Prosthesis, the Trifecta™ GT.

Background: The study aim was to assess the hemodynamic results and implantation technique for the latest-generation St. Jude Medical aortic valve bioprosthesis, the Trifecta™ GT, which was first marketed in 2016.

Methods: The first 100 patients (mean age 74.

Optimal Scheduling and Fair Service Policy for STDMA in Underwater Networks with Acoustic Communications.

In this work, a multi-hop string network with a single sink node is analyzed. A periodic optimal scheduling for TDMA operation that considers the characteristic long propagation delay of the underwater acoustic channel is presented. This planning of transmissions is obtained with the help of a new geometrical method based on a 2D lattice in the space-time domain.

Objective Video Quality Assessment Based on Machine Learning for Underwater Scientific Applications.

Video services are meant to be a fundamental tool in the development of oceanic research. The current technology for underwater networks (UWNs) imposes strong constraints in the transmission capacity since only a severely limited bitrate is available. However, previous studies have shown that the quality of experience (QoE) is enough for ocean scientists to consider the service useful, although the perceived quality can change significantly for small ranges of variation of video parameters.

Subjective Quality Assessment of Underwater Video for Scientific Applications.

Underwater video services could be a key application in the better scientific knowledge of the vast oceanic resources in our planet. However, limitations in the capacity of current available technology for underwater networks (UWSNs) raise the question of the feasibility of these services. When transmitting video, the main constraints are the limited bandwidth and the high propagation delays.