Predicting Fungemia in the ICU: Unveiling the Value of Weekly Fungal Surveillance and Yeast Colonisation Monitoring.

Fungemia remains a major threat in intensive care units (ICUs), with high mortality rates despite advances in diagnostics and treatment. Colonisation by yeasts is an independent risk factor for fungemia; however, its predictive utility requires further research. In this 8-year study, we analysed 38,017 samples from 3206 patients and 171 fungemia episodes as part of a weekly fungal surveillance programme.

Study of pediatric invasive pneumococcal disease in the 13-pneumococcal conjugated vaccine era.

Background: Invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) remains a significant concern among children under 5, despite vaccination efforts. This study assessed IPD prevalence and associated risks in pediatric population.

Methods: An observational, retrospective, multicenter study in Comunidad Valenciana, Spain, of IPD cases in children under 13 from January 2012 to September 2022.

Sunflower Oil and Cholesterol Nanoemulsion: A Novel Carrier for Micafungin to Combat Multi-Resistant .

is an emerging, multidrug-resistant yeast that causes systemic infections, mainly in hospitalized or immunosuppressed patients. This pathogen has a high mortality and morbidity rate. This study aims to evaluate the antifungal potential of micafungin (MICA) encapsulated in a nanoemulsion (NEM) against four clades of and other non- species.

spp. in Cetaceans: Neglected Emerging Challenges in Marine Ecosystems.

Cetaceans, which are crucial in marine ecosystems, act as sentinels for ecosystem and human-environmental health. However, emerging fungal infections, particularly by spp., pose a growing concern in these marine mammals.

Identification of the Most Immunoreactive Antigens of to IgGs from Systemic Infections in Mice.

The delay in making a correct diagnosis of causes concern in the healthcare system setting, and immunoproteomics studies are important to identify immunoreactive proteins for new diagnostic strategies. In this study, immunocompetent murine systemic infections caused by non-aggregative and aggregative phenotypes of and by and were carried out, and the obtained sera were used to study their immunoreactivity against proteins. The results showed higher virulence, in terms of infection signs, weight loss, and histopathological damage, of the non-aggregative isolate.

Potential Fungal Zoonotic Pathogens in Cetaceans: An Emerging Concern.

Over 60% of emerging infectious diseases in humans are zoonotic, often originating from wild animals. This long-standing ecological phenomenon has accelerated due to human-induced environmental changes. Recent data show a significant increase in fungal infections, with 6.

The Ecology of Non- Yeasts and Dimorphic Fungi in Cetaceans: From Pathogenicity to Environmental and Global Health Implications.

Cetaceans, which are integral to marine ecosystems, face escalating anthropogenic threats, including climate change and pollution, positioning them as critical sentinel species for ocean and human health. This review explores the neglected realm of non- yeasts in cetaceans, addressing the gaps in the understanding of their prevalence, pathogenicity, and environmental impacts. By examining identified species such as spp.

Critical appraisal beyond clinical guidelines for intraabdominal candidiasis.

Background: Regardless of the available antifungals, intraabdominal candidiasis (IAC) mortality continues to be high and represents a challenge for clinicians.

Main Body: This opinion paper discusses alternative antifungal options for treating IAC. This clinical entity should be addressed separately from candidemia due to the peculiarity of the required penetration of antifungals into the peritoneal cavity.

Nanoemulsion Increases the Antifungal Activity of Amphotericin B against Four Clades: In Vitro and In Vivo Assays.

is an emerging yeast of worldwide interest due to its antifungal resistance and mortality rates. The aim of this study was to analyse the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of a nanoemulsion loaded with amphotericin B (NEA) against planktonic cells and biofilm of clinical isolates belonging to four different clades. In vivo assays were performed using the model to analyse antifungal activity and histopathological changes.

IFISTRATEGY: Spanish National Survey of Invasive Fungal Infection in Hemato-Oncologic Patients.

Recent advances in the treatment of hematologic malignancies have improved the overall survival rate, but the number of patients at risk of developing an invasive fungal infection (IFI) has increased. Invasive infections caused by non- species, non- molds, and azole-resistant have been increasingly reported in recent years. We developed a cross-sectional multicenter survey which involved a total of 55 hematologists and infectious disease specialists from a total of 31 Spanish hospitals, to determine the most frequent strategies used for the management of IFIs.

Human Papilloma Virus DNA Detection in Clinical Samples Using Fluorogenic Probes Based on Oligonucleotide Gated Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Films.

In this work, fluorogenic probes based on oligonucleotide capped nanoporous anodic alumina films are developed for specific and sensitive detection of human papilloma virus (HPV) DNA. The probe consists of anodic alumina nanoporous films loaded with the fluorophore rhodamine B (RhB) and capped with oligonucleotides bearing specific base sequences complementary to genetic material of different high-risk (hr) HPV types. Synthesis protocol is optimized for scale up production of sensors with high reproducibility.

Climate change, animals, and Candida auris: insights into the ecological niche of a new species from a One Health approach.

Background: One of the most puzzling traits of Candida auris is the recent simultaneous and independent emergence of five genetically distinct clades on three continents. Global warming has been proposed as a contributing factor for this emergence owing to high thermotolerance of C. auris compared with phylogenetically close Candida species.

Usefulness of Chromogenic Media with Fluconazole Supplementation for Presumptive Identification of .

Introduction:Candida auris is a major threat to public health. Rapid detection is essential for early treatment and transmission control. The use of chromogenic media allows the presumptive identification of this new species.

Antifungal Activity of Ibrexafungerp (SCY-078) Against Contemporary Blood Isolates From Medically Relevant Species of : A European Study.

Background: Ibrexafungerp (SCY-078) is the newest oral and intravenous antifungal drug with broad activity, currently undergoing clinical trials for invasive candidiasis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the activity of ibrexafungerp and comparators against a collection of 434 European blood isolates of .

Methods: Ibrexafungerp, caspofungin, fluconazole, and micafungin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were collected from 12 European laboratories for 434 blood isolates, including 163 , 108 , 60 , 40 , 29 , 20 , 6 , 2 , 2 , and 1 isolate each of , , and .

Novel Chromogenic Medium CHROMagar Candida Plus for Detection of and Other Species from Surveillance and Environmental Samples: A Multicenter Study.

Epidemiological trends show a dramatic increase in the prevalence of fungal infections, and in the isolation of multidrug-resistant species, such as CHROMagar Candida (CC; CHROMagar, Paris, France) and other chromogenic media, which are widely used in the clinical laboratory because they allow a rapid identification of most species. Recently, CHROMagar Candida Plus (CC-Plus; CHROMagar, Paris, France) was developed to detect and differentiate in addition to other major clinical species, such as , . , , or display a differential light blue color with a blue halo.

Host-pathogen interactions upon infection: fungal behaviour and immune response in .

has globally emerged as a multidrug-resistant fungus linked to healthcare-associated outbreaks. There is still limited evidence on its virulence, pathogenicity determinants, and complex host-pathogen interactions. This study analyzes the fungal behaviour, immune response, and host-pathogen interactions upon infection compared to and in This was performed by immunolabelling fungal structures and larval plasmatocytes and using a quantitative approach incorporating bioinformatic morphometric techniques into the study of microbial pathogenesis.

In Vitro Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Modelling and Simulation of Amphotericin B against .

The aims of this study were to characterize the antifungal activity of amphotericin B against in a static in vitro system and to evaluate different dosing schedules and MIC scenarios by means of semi-mechanistic pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) modelling and simulation. A two-compartment model consisting of a drug-susceptible and a drug-resistant subpopulation successfully characterized the time-kill data and a modified E sigmoidal model best described the effect of the drug. The model incorporated growth rate constants for both subpopulations, a death rate constant and a transfer constant between both compartments.

What Do We Know about ? State of the Art, Knowledge Gaps, and Future Directions.

has unprecedently emerged as a multidrug resistant fungal pathogen, considered a serious global threat due to its potential to cause nosocomial outbreaks and deep-seated infections with staggering transmissibility and mortality, that has put health authorities and institutions worldwide in check for more than a decade now. Due to its unique features not observed in other yeasts, it has been categorised as an urgent threat by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other international agencies. Moreover, epidemiological alerts have been released in view of the increase of healthcare-associated outbreaks in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Invasive scedosporiosis in lung transplant recipients: A nine-year retrospective study in a tertiary care hospital.

Background: Scedosporium species and Lomentospora prolificans (Sc/Lp) are emerging molds that cause invasive disease associated with a high mortality rate. After Aspergillus, these molds are the second filamentous fungi recovered in lung transplant (LT) recipients.

Aims: Our objective was to evaluate the incidence, risk factors and outcome of Sc/Lp infections in LT recipients at a tertiary care hospital with a national reference LT program.

Filamentous fungi in the airway of patients with cystic fibrosis: Just spectators?

Background: There are important advances in the management of bacterial infection in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF), but there are many gaps in the field of fungal infections.

Aims: The aim of this study was to analyse whether chronic respiratory filamentous fungal colonization had clinical impact and whether antifungal treatment can change the disease.

Methods: The prospective, bicentric and descriptive study was carried out within a 3-year follow-up period, with four-month periodicity medical controls.

[Individualized antifungal therapy in critically ill patients with invasive fungal infection].

Invasive candidiasis (IC) is the most common invasive fungal infection (IFI) affecting critically ill patients, followed by invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA). International guidelines provide different recommendations for a first-line antifungal therapy and, in most of them, echinocandins are considered the first-line treatment for IC, and triazoles are so for the treatment of IPA. However, liposomal amphotericinB (L-AmB) is still considered a second-line therapy for both clinical entities.