The transcription factors, STOP1 and TCP20, are required for root system architecture alterations in response to nitrate deficiency.

Nitrate distribution in soils is often heterogeneous. Plants have adapted to this by modifying their root system architecture (RSA). Previous studies showed that NITRATE-TRANSPORTER1.

Developmental and genomic architecture of plant embryogenesis: from model plant to crops.

Embryonic development represents an important reproductive phase of sexually reproducing plant species. The fusion of egg and sperm produces the plant zygote, a totipotent cell that, through cell division and cell identity specification in early embryogenesis, establishes the major cell lineages and tissues of the adult plant. The subsequent morphogenesis phase produces the full-sized embryo, while the late embryogenesis maturation process prepares the seed for dormancy and subsequent germination, ensuring continuation of the plant life cycle.

High affinity promoter binding of STOP1 is essential for early expression of novel aluminum-induced resistance genes GDH1 and GDH2 in Arabidopsis.

Malate efflux from roots, which is regulated by the transcription factor STOP1 (SENSITIVE-TO-PROTON-RHIZOTOXICITY1) and mediates aluminum-induced expression of ALUMINUM-ACTIVATED-MALATE-TRANSPORTER1 (AtALMT1), is critical for aluminum resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. Several studies showed that AtALMT1 expression in roots is rapidly observed in response to aluminum; this early induction is an important mechanism to immediately protect roots from aluminum toxicity. Identifying the molecular mechanisms that underlie rapid aluminum resistance responses should lead to a better understanding of plant aluminum sensing and signal transduction mechanisms.

MEDIATOR16 orchestrates local and systemic responses to phosphate scarcity in Arabidopsis roots.

Phosphate (P ) is a critical macronutrient for the biochemical and molecular functions of cells. Under phosphate limitation, plants manifest adaptative strategies to increase phosphate scavenging. However, how low phosphate sensing links to the transcriptional machinery remains unknown.

Phosphate Starvation-Dependent Iron Mobilization Induces CLE14 Expression to Trigger Root Meristem Differentiation through CLV2/PEPR2 Signaling.

Low inorganic phosphate (Pi) availability causes terminal differentiation of the root apical meristem (RAM), a phenomenon known as root meristem exhaustion or determined growth. Here, we report that the CLE14 peptide acts as a key player in this process. Low Pi stress induces iron mobilization in the RAM through the action of LPR1/LPR2, causing expression of CLE14 in the proximal meristem region.

Malate-dependent Fe accumulation is a critical checkpoint in the root developmental response to low phosphate.

Low phosphate (Pi) availability constrains plant development and seed production in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. When Pi is scarce, modifications of root system architecture (RSA) enhance the soil exploration ability of the plant and lead to an increase in Pi uptake. In , an iron-dependent mechanism reprograms primary root growth in response to low Pi availability.

A phosphate starvation-driven bidirectional promoter as a potential tool for crop improvement and in vitro plant biotechnology.

Phosphate (Pi)-deficient soils are a major limitant factor for crop production in many regions of the world. Despite that plants have innovated several developmental and biochemical strategies to deal with this stress, there are still massive extensions of land which combine several abiotic stresses, including phosphate starvation, that limit their use for plant growth and food production. In several plant species, a genetic programme underlies the biochemical and developmental responses of the organism to cope with low phosphate (Pi) availability.

Antagonism or synergism between papaya ringspot virus and papaya mosaic virus in Carica papaya is determined by their order of infection.

Antagonism between unrelated plant viruses has not been thoroughly described. Our studies show that two unrelated viruses, papaya ringspot virus (PRSV) and papaya mosaic virus (PapMV) produce different symptomatic outcomes during mixed infection depending on the inoculation order. Synergism occurs in plants infected first with PRSV or in plants infected simultaneously with PRSV and PapMV, and antagonism occurs in plants infected first with PapMV and later inoculated with PRSV.