A1 pulley cutting potential and safety of three ultrasound-guided percutaneous A1 pulley release techniques for trigger finger: a cadaveric study.

Background: There is no consensus as to the best technique for percutaneous trigger finger release.

Methods: This assessor-blinded study compared three ultrasound-guided percutaneous trigger finger release techniques using a needle (N), a needle-knife (NK), and a specially designed knife (K). Three physicians simulated A1 pulley release surgery on 56 fingers of 14 fresh-frozen hand cadaver body donors.

Oral nonabsorbable antibiotics for prevention of recurrent cholangitis; a brief report study.

Background: Patients with recurrent cholangitis are at risk of developing life-threatening sepsis. Selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD) involving oral nonabsorbable antibiotics has been primarily applied to children undergoing Kasai portoenterostomy surgery.

Methods: In this study, SDD containing colistin, tobramycin, and nystatin was administered to eight patients with recurrent cholangitis, and the incidence density before and after SDD administration was analyzed.

Crystallized and fluid cognitive abilities have different genetic associations with neuropsychiatric disorders.

Cognitive function is associated with risk for multiple neuropsychiatric disorders. Previous research on the genetic relations between cognition and psychopathology has largely treated cognitive function as unitary, in part due to a lack of well-powered genome-wide association studies (GWAS) on specific domains, particularly crystallized knowledge (Gc). Important domains within the hierarchy of cognitive function, especially Gc, have been underexplored regarding their associations with psychiatric disorders.

Genomic Taxometric Analysis of Negative Emotionality and Major Depressive Disorder Highlights a Gradient of Genetic Differentiation across the Severity Spectrum.

A core question in both human genetics and medicine is whether clinical disorders represent extreme manifestations of continuous traits or categorically distinct entities with unique genetic etiologies. To address this question, we introduce data (GTACCC), a novel method for systematically evaluating continuity and differentiation of traits across the severity spectrum. GTACCC's key innovation lies in binarizing continuous data at multiple severity thresholds, enabling the estimation of genetic continuity and differentiation within the trait and in its relation to other traits via multivariate models.

Lifetime brain atrophy estimated from a single MRI: measurement characteristics and genome-wide correlates.

A measure of lifetime brain atrophy (LBA) obtained from a single magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan could be an attractive candidate to boost statistical power in uncovering novel genetic signals and mechanisms of neurodegeneration. We analysed data from five young and old adult cohorts (MRi-Share, Human Connectome Project, UK Biobank, Generation Scotland Subsample, and Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 [LBC1936]) to test the validity and utility of LBA inferred from cross-sectional MRI data, i.e.

Reliability and Validity of Ultrasound in Identifying Anatomical Landmarks for Diagnosing A2 Pulley Ruptures: A Cadaveric Study.

: Rock climbing is becoming more popular, leading to an increased focus on diagnosing and treating related injuries. Finger pulley and flexor tendon injuries are common among climbers, with the A2 pulley being the most frequently affected. High-resolution ultrasound (US) is the preferred method for detecting pulley injuries.

Eleven New Species of the Genus (Tarzettaceae, Pezizales) from Mexico.

The genus is distributed mainly in temperate forests and establishes ectomycorrhizal associations with angiosperms and gymnosperms. Studies on this genus are scarce in México. A visual, morphological, and molecular (ITS-LSU) description of , , , , , , , , , , and was carried out in this work, associated with , , and .

Broadening the Knowledge of Mexican Boletes: Addition of a New Genus, Seven New Species, and Three New Combinations.

Boletes are one of the most common groups of fungi in temperate, subtropical, and tropical ecosystems. In Mexico, the northern region has mainly been explored in terms of bolete diversity. This study describes a new genus and seven new species based on macromorphological, micromorphological, molecular, phylogenetic, and ecological data.

Five New Species of and (Boletaceae, Boletales) and Their Ethnomycological Aspects.

Among Boletales, the family Boletaceae has the highest diversity worldwide. Additionally, this fungal group has great ecological relevance because it not only includes mainly ectomycorrhizal but also saprotrophic species. Furthermore, some species are used as food and have sociocultural and economic importance worldwide.

New Ascomycetes from the Mexican Tropical Montane Cloud Forest.

The tropical montane cloud forest is the most diverse and threatened vegetation type in Mexico. In the last decade, the number of described Ascomycetes species has notably increased, reaching more than 1300 species. This study describes six new species based on their molecular and morphological characteristics.

The genetic architecture and evolution of the human skeletal form.

The human skeletal form underlies bipedalism, but the genetic basis of skeletal proportions (SPs) is not well characterized. We applied deep-learning models to 31,221 x-rays from the UK Biobank to extract a comprehensive set of SPs, which were associated with 145 independent loci genome-wide. Structural equation modeling suggested that limb proportions exhibited strong genetic sharing but were independent of width and torso proportions.

Masseteric Nerve Ultrasound Identification for Dynamic Facial Reanimation Purposes.

Background: The masseteric nerve is one of the main options to neurotize free muscle flaps in irreversible long-term facial paralysis. Several preoperative skin-marking techniques for the masseteric nerve have been proposed to limit the surgical dissection area, shorten the surgical time, and enable a safer dissection. However, these have shown variability among them, and cannot visualize the nerve preoperatively.

 (Elaphomycetaceae, Ascomycota) and (Entolomataceae, Basidiomycota), two new sequestrate fungi from tropical montane cloud forest from south Mexico.

Two new species of sequestrate fungi are described from south Mexico based on morphological and molecular evidences. Here we describe characterized by the yellowish mycelial mat, dull blue gleba and ascospores of 9.7-11.

Novelties in Macrofungi of the Tropical Montane Cloud Forest in Mexico.

The tropical montane cloud forest in Mexico is the most diverse and threatened ecosystem. Mexican macrofungi numbers more than 1408 species. This study described four new species of Agaricomycetes (, , , ) based on molecular and morphological characteristics.

General dimensions of human brain morphometry inferred from genome-wide association data.

Understanding the neurodegenerative mechanisms underlying cognitive decline in the general population may facilitate early detection of adverse health outcomes in late life. This study investigates genetic links between brain morphometry, ageing and cognitive ability. We develop Genomic Principal Components Analysis (Genomic PCA) to model general dimensions of brain-wide morphometry at the level of their underlying genetic architecture.

Two new species of (Geoglossaceae, Ascomycota) from south Mexico.

Two new species of are described from south Mexico based on morphological and molecular evidence. is characterized by the caespitose ascomata, rough and coiled paraphyses and the ascospores with 9-11 septa. is characterized by the capitate ascomata, clavate and straight paraphyses and the ascospores with 10-12 septa.

The genetic architecture of the human skeletal form.

The human skeletal form underlies our ability to walk on two legs, but unlike standing height, the genetic basis of limb lengths and skeletal proportions is less well understood. Here we applied a deep learning model to 31,221 whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) images from the UK Biobank (UKB) to extract 23 different image-derived phenotypes (IDPs) that include all long bone lengths as well as hip and shoulder width, which we analyzed while controlling for height. All skeletal proportions are highly heritable (∼40-50%), and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of these traits identified 179 independent loci, of which 102 loci were not associated with height.

Transcriptome-wide and stratified genomic structural equation modeling identify neurobiological pathways shared across diverse cognitive traits.

Functional genomic methods are needed that consider multiple genetically correlated traits. Here we develop and validate Transcriptome-wide Structural Equation Modeling (T-SEM), a multivariate method for studying the effects of tissue-specific gene expression across genetically overlapping traits. T-SEM allows for modeling effects on broad dimensions spanning constellations of traits, while safeguarding against false positives that can arise when effects of gene expression are specific to a subset of traits.

Pervasive Downward Bias in Estimates of Liability-Scale Heritability in Genome-wide Association Study Meta-analysis: A Simple Solution.

Background: Single nucleotide polymorphism-based heritability is a fundamental quantity in the genetic analysis of complex traits. For case-control phenotypes, for which the continuous distribution of risk in the population is unobserved, observed-scale heritability estimates must be transformed to the more interpretable liability scale. This article describes how the field standard approach incorrectly performs the liability correction in that it does not appropriately account for variation in the proportion of cases across the cohorts comprising the meta-analysis.

Tetanus, analysis of 29 cases.

Background: Tetanus disease is caused by Clostridium tetani, an anaerobe bacteria found in dust and soil. Once reached human body through damaged tissues, C. tetani releases several neurotoxins which block the inhibitory function, leading to an increased muscle tone, ultimately causing respiratory failure.

Dolutegravir plus rilpivirine: benefits beyond viral suppression: DORIPEX retrospective study.

Switching dual therapy with dolutegravir (DTG) plus rilpivirine (RPV) was assessed in the SWORD-1 and SWORD-2 studies. Real-life data regarding the immunological impact of this approach on CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts and the CD4/CD8 ratio are scarce. We evaluated this strategy on the basis of clinical practice data.