Growth Hormone Deficiency Following Traumatic Brain Injury in Pediatric and Adolescent Patients: Presentation, Treatment, and Challenges of Transitioning from Pediatric to Adult Services.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is increasingly recognized, with an incidence of approximately 110 per 100,000 in pediatric populations and 618 per 100,000 in adolescent and adult populations. TBI often leads to cognitive, behavioral, and physical consequences, including endocrinopathies. Deficiencies in anterior pituitary hormones (e.

Emergency Preparedness of Secondary School Athletic Programs in Arizona.

Context: Schools that sponsor athletic programs have an obligation to provide a safe environment with appropriate policies for addressing emergencies.

Objective: To describe the emergency preparedness of secondary schools in Arizona specific to emergency action plans (EAPs), cardiac arrest, concussion, and heat illness.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Traumatic Brain Injury in Domestic Violence Victims: A Retrospective Study at the Barrow Neurological Institute.

Domestic violence is a national health crisis, which affects people of all ages, races, and socioeconomic classes. Traumatic brain injury is common in victims because of the high frequency of head and neck injuries inflicted through abuse. These recurrent injuries can lead to chronic symptoms with high morbidity.

Pediatric stroke.

Introduction: Pediatric stroke, while increasingly recognized among practitioners as a clinically significant, albeit infrequent entity, remains challenging from the viewpoint of clinicians and researchers.

Discussion: Advances in neuroimaging have revealed a higher prevalence of pediatric stroke while also provided a safer method for evaluating the child's nervous system and vasculature. An understanding of pathogenic mechanisms for pediatric stroke requires a division of ages (perinatal and childhood) and a separation of mechanism (ischemic and hemorrhagic).

Compound heterozygous polymerase gamma gene mutation in a patient with Alpers disease.

Alpers disease is a mitochondrial depletion syndrome characterized by psychomotor retardation, intractable epilepsy, and liver failure. Polymerase gamma (POLG) gene mutations are a known cause of the disease. We describe a case in which a 14-month-old female presented with epilepsia partialis continua evolving into generalized status epilepticus.

Sydenham's chorea as a presentation of Moyamoya disease.

A seven year-old male presented to his pediatrician with choreiform movements and a recent history of sore throat. He was diagnosed with Sydenham's chorea based on clinical criteria and laboratory evidence. Worsening symptoms prompted a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain which demonstrated evidence of Moyamoya disease.

Intravenous levetiracetam in children with seizures: a prospective safety study.

In 2006, intravenous levetiracetam received US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for adjunctive treatment of partial onset seizures in adults with epilepsy, 16 years or older. We have established the safety, tolerability, and dosage of intravenous levetiracetam in children. This prospective study included 30 children (6 months to <15 years of age).

Reversible lamotrigine-induced neurobehavioral disturbances in children with epilepsy.

A retrospective review was performed in patients who developed neurobehavioral adverse reactions to lamotrigine. Data were obtained from interviews, examinations, and routine medical records. There were 7 male and 2 female patients with epilepsy with a mean age of 5 years.

Osmotic demyelination syndrome as a consequence of treating hyperammonemia in a patient with ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency.

A 7-year-old female patient with a new diagnosis of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency was treated for hyperammonemia with a standard protocol. Several days later, she developed ataxia, dysmetria, and dysarthria. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain demonstrated pontine and extrapontine white matter changes consistent with osmotic demyelination.

Hemimegalencephaly in a patient with a neurocutaneous syndrome.

A 5-year-old girl with a history of hypomelanosis of Ito and intractable epilepsy was evaluated for possible resective surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an enlarged right hemisphere, whereas electrographic seizures were arising from the right hemisphere or had a generalized onset. The patient was believed to be a good candidate for hemispherectomy, but the family was hesitant and started a modified Atkins diet.

Mapping of sudden infant death with dysgenesis of the testes syndrome (SIDDT) by a SNP genome scan and identification of TSPYL loss of function.

We have identified a lethal phenotype characterized by sudden infant death (from cardiac and respiratory arrest) with dysgenesis of the testes in males [Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (OMIM) accession no. 608800]. Twenty-one affected individuals with this autosomal recessive syndrome were ascertained in nine separate sibships among the Old Order Amish.