Millimeter-Scale Zn(3-ptz) Metal-Organic Framework Single Crystals: Self-Assembly Mechanism and Growth Kinetics.

The solvothermal synthesis of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) often proceeds through competing crystallization pathways, and only partial control over the crystal nucleation and growth rates is possible. It challenges the use of MOFs as functional devices in free-space optics, where bulk single crystals of millimeter dimensions and high optical quality are needed. We develop a synthetic protocol to control the solvothermal growth of the MOF [Zn(3-ptz)] (MIRO-101), to obtain large single crystals with projected surface areas of up to 25 mm in 24 h, in a single reaction with in situ ligand formation.

Azide-Based High-Energy Metal-Organic Frameworks with Enhanced Thermal Stability.

We describe the structure and properties of [Zn(CHN)N] , a new nonporous three-dimensional high-energy metal-organic framework (HE-MOF) with enhanced thermal stability. The compound is synthesized by the hydrothermal method with in situ ligand formation under controlled pH and characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, and Fourier transform infrared. The measured detonation temperature ( = 345 °C) and heat of detonation (Δ = -0.

Hexa-aqua-zinc(II) dinitrate bis-[5-(pyridinium-3-yl)tetra-zol-1-ide].

Hexa-aqua-zinc(II) dinitrate 5-(pyridinium-3-yl)tetra-zol-1-ide, [Zn(HO)](NO)·2CHN, crystallizes in the space group . The asymmetric unit contains one zwitterionic 5-(pyridinium-3-yl)tetra-zol-1-ide mol-ecule, one NO anion and one half of a [Zn(HO)] cation ( symmetry). The pyridinium and tetra-zolide rings in the zwitterion are nearly coplanar, with a dihedral angle of 5.

Neonatal Fc receptor antagonist efgartigimod safely and sustainably reduces IgGs in humans.

Background: Intravenous Ig (IVIg), plasma exchange, and immunoadsorption are frequently used in the management of severe autoimmune diseases mediated by pathogenic IgG autoantibodies. These approaches modulating IgG levels can, however, be associated with some severe adverse reactions and a substantial burden to patients. Targeting the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) presents an innovative and potentially more effective, safer, and more convenient alternative for clearing pathogenic IgGs.

pH-Controlled Assembly of 3D and 2D Zinc-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks with Tetrazole Ligands.

We report the synthesis and structural diversity of Zn(II) metal-organic framework (MOF) with in situ formation of tetrazole ligand [ = 5-(3-pyridyl)tetrazolate] as a function pH. By varying the initial reaction pH, we obtain high-quality crystals of the noncentrosymmetric three-dimensional MOF , mixed phases involving the zinc-aqua complex [Zn(HO)(3-ptz)]·4HO, and two-dimensional MOF crystals Zn(OH)(3-ptz) with a tunable microrod morphology, keeping reaction time, temperature, and metal-ligand molar ratio constant. Structures are characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and UV-vis spectroscopy.

Biogenic sulphide plays a major role on the riboflavin-mediated decolourisation of azo dyes under sulphate-reducing conditions.

The effect of high concentrations of sulphate on the reductive decolourisation of different azo dyes by anaerobic sludge was studied in batch cultures. Sludge cultures were pre-incubated under sulphate-reducing conditions prior addition of dyes. Little or no effects of sulphate (5-10 g sulphate l(-1)) on the rate of decolourisation of Reactive Orange 14 (RO14), Direct Blue 53 (DB53) and Direct Blue 71 (DB71) were observed when no external redox mediator was provided.

Oral human immunoglobulin for children with autism and gastrointestinal dysfunction: a prospective, open-label study.

Immunoglobulin secretion onto mucosal surfaces is a major component of the mucosal immune system. We hypothesized that chronic gastrointestinal (GI) disturbances associated with autistic disorder (AD) may be due to an underlying deficiency in mucosal immunity, and that orally administered immunoglobulin would be effective in alleviating chronic GI dysfunction in these individuals. In this pilot study, twelve male subjects diagnosed with AD were evaluated using a GI severity index (GSI) while receiving daily dosing with encapsulated human immunoglobulin.

Cryptosporidium infections in Mexican children: clinical, nutritional, enteropathogenic, and diagnostic evaluations.

Using an indirect immunofluorescence assay on stool samples, we found a 6.4% prevalence of cryptosporidiosis among 403 children less than five years of age with acute diarrhea in Mexico City over a one-year period. The prevalence was highest (11.