Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory, Angiogenic, and Apoptotic molecules in Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema Patients.

The aim of this study is to evaluate molecules involved in oxidative stress (OS), inflammation, angiogenesis, and apoptosis, and discern which of these are more likely to be implicated in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and diabetic macular edema (DME) by investigating the correlation between them in the plasma (PLS) and vitreous body (VIT), as well as examining data obtained from ophthalmological examinations. Type 2 diabetic (T2DM) patients with PDR/DME (PDRG/DMEG; n = 112) and non-DM subjects as the surrogate controls (SCG n = 48) were selected according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria and programming for vitrectomy, either due to having PDR/DME or macular hole (MH)/epiretinal membrane (ERM)/rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Blood samples were collected and processed to determine the glycemic profile, total cholesterol, and C reactive protein, as well as the malondialdehyde (MDA), 4-hydroxynonenal (4HNE), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).

Impact of Systemic Comorbidities on Ocular Hypertension and Open-Angle Glaucoma, in a Population from Spain and Portugal.

Open-angle glaucoma (OAG), the most prevalent clinical type of glaucoma, is still the main cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. OAG is a neurodegenerative illness for which the most important risk factor is elevated intraocular pressure (IOP). Many questions remain unanswered about OAG, such as whether nutritional or toxic habits, other personal characteristics, and/or systemic diseases influence the course of glaucoma.