The Interplay of Structuring and Controlling Teaching Styles in Physical Education and Its Impact on Students' Motivation and Engagement.

Background: Teaching style has a significant influence on students' learning outcomes. This study focused on identifying teaching profiles in Physical Education characterized by high directiveness, using structure and control behaviors that impact students' outcomes, basic psychological needs (BPN), and engagement. It was based on the circumplex model and self-determination theory (SDT) and intended to explore how these styles affect students' motivation and engagement.

Analysis of the motor behaviour of people without specific dance training in improvisation tasks: Influence of mirror and partner.

This study aims to analyse the influence of the mirror and/or partner constraints on the motor creativity of women without specific training in dance during improvisation tasks, in order to contribute to the knowledge of creativity in the field of sports science and movement-based practices. We studied the exploratory behaviour and emerging movement patterns of 12 women who performed four improvisations under the following situations: individual without mirror; individual with mirror; partner without mirror; and partner with mirror. The dynamic overlap was calculated to identify the exploratory dynamics composed of the exploratory amplitude and the rate of change between movement configurations.

Understanding physical education teachers' motivational outcomes and feasibility beliefs to implement motivational strategies: The role of perceived pressures from a variable- and person-centered approach.

Work-related pressures perceived by PE teachers have been suggested to affect their motivation and behaviour. This study aims to contribute to the existing literature on this topic. Through two different objectives.

An Individualized Training Program for PE Teachers Based on Self-Determination Theory as a Way to Improve Students' Psychosocial Health: A Study Protocol.

The interactions that take place in physical education (PE) between teachers and students have received large attention from the scientific community. However, despite the existence of different studies aiming to promote motivation among students through school interventions, there seem to be no interventions based on motivational strategies in which interventions are personalized to better fit teachers' own characteristics on the basis of theoretical contents grounded in self-determination theory. This study aims to present a protocol intervention in the PE context based on SDT to improve teaching behaviours through an individualized and lifelong training program.

Training Conditions and Psychological Health: Eating Behavior Disorders in Spanish High-Performance Women's Olympic Wrestling Athletes-A Qualitative Study.

(1) Background: the aim of this study was to determine the factors that affect the occurrence of behaviors related to possible eating disorders in Spanish high-performance Olympic wrestling athletes. (2) Methods: The sample consisted of 22 elite female wrestlers selected through purposive sampling with inclusion criteria of (i) having been a national champion, (ii) having been part of the Spanish team, and (iii) suffering or having suffered from an eating disorder. The semistructured interviews were conducted online and lasted between 20 and 40 min.

Reverse Integration in Wheelchair Basketball-A Mixed-Method Spanish Stakeholders' Perspective.

In Spain, wheelchair basketball competition is well developed and structured; however, reverse integration is not allowed. This study aimed to describe and synthesize the perceptions of Spanish wheelchair stakeholders (players, coaches, referees, and club managers). A mixed-method approach was used, utilizing an ad hoc survey questionnaire (n = 49) and three focus groups (n = 12).

A Longitudinal Study on the Evolution of the Four Main Football Leagues Using Artificial Intelligence: Analysis of the Differences in English Premier League Teams.

The aim of this study was to analyze the evolution of the four most important leagues and to identify if there are differences between the English Premier League and the rest of the European leagues. Each team was characterized according to a set of 52 variables including offensive, defensive, and buildup 10 variables that were computed from OPTA's on-ball event records of the matches for main national leagues between the 2014 and 2018 seasons. To test the evolution of leagues, the t-SNE dimensionality reduction technique was used.

The 'new normal' includes online prenatal exercise: exploring pregnant women's experiences during the pandemic and the role of virtual group fitness on maternal mental health.

Background: Prenatal anxiety and depressive symptoms have significantly increased since the onset of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic In addition, home confinement regulations have caused a drastic increase in time spent sedentary. Online group fitness classes may be an effective strategy that can increase maternal physical activity levels and improve mental health outcomes by providing an opportunity for social connectedness. The present study explores the experiences of pregnant women who participated in an online group exercise program during the pandemic and identifies relationships with maternal mental health and well-being.

Effectiveness of a Virtual Exercise Program During COVID-19 Confinement on Blood Pressure Control in Healthy Pregnant Women.

Background: The situation caused by COVID-19 has led to movement restrictions for the majority of the population due to the confinement established by the health authorities. This new situation has changed people's habits and significantly affected the pregnant population. Decreased exercise and increased psychophysical stress are associated with excessive weight gain, diabetes, and gestational cardiovascular complications that affect the mother, fetus, and newborn.

Do Observed Teaching Behaviors Relate to Students' Engagement in Physical Education?

Teachers' behaviors can affect students' engagement in the Physical Education (PE) setting. According to self-determination theory, teachers can rely on either a need-supportive or a controlling teaching behavior, and these behaviors will differently affect students' outcomes. The main objective of this research was to analyse how teaching behaviors and some contextual variables influence students' engagement in PE classes.

Physical Activity and Sport for Acquired Brain Injury (PASABI): A Non-Randomized Controlled Trial.

Acquired brain injury (ABI) is the first cause of disability and physical activity (PA) is a key element in functional recovery and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) during the subacute and chronic phases. However, it is necessary to develop PA programs that respond to the heterogeneity and needs of this population. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a PA program on the HRQoL in this population.

Teachers' Psychological Needs Satisfaction and Thwarting: Can They Explain Students' Behavioural Engagement in Physical Education? A Multi-Level Analysis.

Students' engagement in Physical Education has been linked to several adaptive consequences. Even though the existing literature suggests that perceived autonomy support can predict engagement, research is scarce on how teachers' antecedents might influence this behavioural outcome. This study sought to compare the influence of teachers' basic psychological needs' satisfaction and basic psychological needs' thwarting on students' behavioural engagement and on the relationship between perceived autonomy-support and the students' behavioural engagement.

Exercise during pregnancy has a preventative effect on excessive maternal weight gain and gestational diabetes. A randomized controlled trial.

Background: Excessive gestational weight gain is associated with several adverse events and pathologies during pregnancy.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of an exercise program throughout pregnancy on maternal weight gain and prevalence of gestational diabetes.

Method: A randomized controlled trial was designed that included an exercise intervention group (EG) and standard care control group (CG).

Does Exercise During Pregnancy Affect Placental Weight?: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Placental weight (PW) is a measure commonly used to summarize growth and aspects of placental function. In a normal pregnancy, it is reasonable to assume that PW is related to aspects of the functional capacity of the placenta. The placenta, as the site for all maternal-fetal oxygen and nutrient exchange, influences birth weight and is thus central to a successful pregnancy outcome.

The Effects of a Physical Education Intervention to Support the Satisfaction of Basic Psychological Needs on the Motivation and Intentions to be Physically Active.

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of an intervention to support the basic psychological needs on the satisfaction of these needs, intrinsic motivation, intention to be physically active and some enjoyment-related outcomes in Physical Education. The present study incorporated strategies presented by Standage and Ryan (2012) in a previous study. A quasi-experimental study was conducted with two groups (n = 30; n = 23) of 2nd year Secondary Education students aged between 13 and 15 (M = 13.

Exercise during pregnancy protects against hypertension and macrosomia: randomized clinical trial.

Background: The prevalence of all pregnancies with some form of hypertension can be up to 10%, with the rates of diagnosis varying according to the country and population studied and the criteria used to establish the diagnosis. Prepregnancy obesity and excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) of all body mass index (BMI) categories have been associated with maternal hypertensive disorders and linked to macrosomia (>4000 g) and low birthweight (<2500 g). No large randomized controlled trial with high adherence to an exercise program has examined pregnancy-induced hypertension and these associated issues.

Regular Exercise Throughout Pregnancy Is Associated With a Shorter First Stage of Labor.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of moderate physical exercise throughout pregnancy on the duration of labor stages.

Design: Study was a randomized controlled trial.

Setting: The study took place at Hospital Puerta de Hierro and Hospital Severo Ochoa in Madrid, Spain.

A program of exercise throughout pregnancy. Is it safe to mother and newborn?

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of a program of moderate physical exercise throughout pregnancy on maternal and fetal parameters.

Design: The study design was a randomized controlled trial.

Setting: The study took place at the Hospital of Fuenlabrada in Madrid, Spain.

Exercise throughout pregnancy does not cause preterm delivery: a randomized, controlled trial.

Background: In spite of an extensive knowledge of the physiologic features of exercise during pregnancy, we still lack a comprehensive understanding of the effects of different types, intensities and duration of exercise throughout pregnancy on maternal and fetal well being. The aim of the current study was to examine the influence of an aerobic exercise program throughout pregnancy on gestational age at the moment of delivery.

Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial.

Exercise during pregnancy reduces the rate of cesarean and instrumental deliveries: results of a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: In this study, the authors assessed the effects of a structured, moderate-intensity exercise program during the entire length of pregnancy on a woman's method of delivery.

Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted with 290 healthy pregnant Caucasian (Spanish) women with a singleton gestation who were randomly assigned to either an exercise (n = 138) or a control (n = 152) group. Pregnancy outcomes, including the type of delivery, were measured at the end of the pregnancy.

Exercise during pregnancy improves maternal glucose screen at 24-28 weeks: a randomised controlled trial.

Objective: The influence of an exercise programme performed by healthy pregnant women on maternal glucose tolerance was studied.

Study Design: A physical activity (PA, land/aquatic activities) programme during the entire pregnancy (three sessions per week) was conducted by a qualified instructor. 83 healthy pregnant women were randomly assigned to either an exercise group (EG, n=40) or a control (CG, n=43) group.