Immunogenicity of an in-silico designed multi-epitope DNA vaccine encoding ROP21 and ROP29 of Toxoplasma gondii against both acute and chronic toxoplasmosis in BALB/c mice.

Background: Toxoplasma infections are highly prevalent worldwide and can cause serious complications in immunocompromised individuals and lead to congenital infections in neonates. Despite ongoing efforts to develop T. gondii vaccines, none have been developed.

Enhancement of apoptosis in Caco-2, Hep-G2, and HT29 cancer cell lines following exposure to peptides.

Objective: Cancer or neoplasm is a cosmopolitan catastrophe that results in more than 20 million new cases and 10 million deaths every year. Some factors lead to carcinogenesis like infectious diseases. Parasites like , by its components, could modulate the cancer system by inducing apoptosis.

In Silico Analysis of the ROP29 Protein as a Vaccine Candidate Against .

The progression of () invasion is aided by rhoptry proteins (ROPs), which are also crucial for the parasite's survival in host cells. In this study, in silico analysis was performed to examine the various aspects of the ROP29 protein, such as physicochemical properties, potential T- and B-cell epitopes, and other significant features. The research revealed that there were 55 possible sites for posttranslational modification in the ROP29 protein.

The Role of Some Free-Ranging Animals in the Transmission of Multi-Host Species of Spp.

Background: We aimed to characterize spp. in rats, cats, pigeons, and crows.

Methods: Fifty-five animal origin spp.

Molecular characterization and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii in free-living animals in Iran: Effect of One Health.

To understand the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii, this parasite's genetic diversity distribution in free-living hosts is essential. This research's objective is the molecular genotyping of T. gondii isolates from the brain and muscles of Columbidae, Corvidae, Rattus, and Felidae of Mianeh County, East-Azerbaijan Province, Northwest Iran.

anti-gastrointestinal cancer activity of derived peptide: Analyzing the expression level of factors related to cell proliferation and tumor growth.

Recently, a hypothesis about the negative relationship between cancers and parasites has been proposed and investigated; some parasitic worms and their products can affect the cancer cell proliferation. Due to the potential anti-cancer effect of helminthic parasites, in the present study, the excretory-secretory protein of () parasite was used to evaluate the possible anti-cancer properties and their effect on gastrointestinal and liver cancer cell proliferation-related genes in laboratory conditions. The selected synthesized peptide fraction from the excretory-secretory Troponin protein peptide (ES TPP) was exposed at 32, 64, 128, and 256 μg/ml concentrations to three gastrointestinal cancer cell lines AGS, HT-29, and Caco 2, as well as HDF cells as normal cell lines.

Exosomes secreted by subtypes affect the expression of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6, IL-10, IL-4).

Background: sp. is a common intestinal parasite, possibly responsible for diarrhea, vomiting and nausea, abdominal pain, and irritable bowel syndrome. However, many studies focused on this issue due to the uncertainty of its pathogenic potential.

High occurrence of sp. subtype 3 in individuals referred to medical laboratories in Kermanshah, Iran.

Aim: The current study investigated the prevalence and genotypes of sp. in individuals who referred to medical laboratories in Kermanshah, Iran.

Background: sp is a common intestinal protozoan found in humans and a wide range of animals, and it is involved in the development of gastrointestinal disorders.

A Novel Chimeric Antigen as a Vaccine Candidate against : In silico Analysis.

Background: is a mandatory intracellular pathogen and causing neglected disease. Hence, protection against leishmaniasis by a development vaccine is an important subject. This study aimed to design a poly-epitope vaccine for cutaneous leishmaniasis.

Effect of Imiquimod on Tachyzoites of and Infected Macrophages and in BALB/c Mice.

Treatment for toxoplasmosis is not completely successful because of their unwanted side effects, and new treatments are needed. Imiquimod has ability to moderate immune response and used to treat a wide variety of infections and tumors. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of imiquimod on the tachyzoites of and infected macrophages and in BALB/c mice.

An unlabelled probe-based real time PCR and modified semi-nested PCR as molecular tools for analysis of chloroquine resistant Plasmodium vivax isolates from Afghanistan.

Background: Plasmodium vivax resistance to chloroquine (CQ) has been reported from many endemic regions in the world. Plasmodium vivax is responsible for 95% of malaria cases in Afghanistan and CQ is the first-line treatment given for vivax malaria. The pvmdr-1 and pvcrt-o (K10 insertion) genes are possible markers for CQ-resistance in P.

: Preventive and therapeutic effects of morphine and evaluation of treatment parameters of tachyzoites and infected macrophages and in a murine model.

Common medicines for the treatment of toxoplasmosis have limited efficacy and unwanted side effects. Opiates can effect both innate and cell-mediated immunity and stimulate the immune responses in different parasitic infections. In this work, preventive and therapeutic effects of morphine were evaluated on the tachyzoites of and infected macrophages and in a murine model.

and Antileishmanial Activity of a Compound Derived of Platinum, Oxaliplatin, against .

This study aimed to evaluate the antileishmanial efficacy of oxaliplatin against both and . The IC, CC, and SI of oxaliplatin against promastigotes, murine macrophages, Raw 264.7 cells, and intramacrophage amastigotes of were investigated .

In vitro toxicity evaluation of short cationic antimicrobial peptide (CM11) on Blastocystis sp.

Blastocystis infection accounts for one of the causes of gastrointestinal problems with the prevalence rate of 3-100% worldwide. There is a wide range of drugs examined for the treatment of infected patients, among them metronidazole (MTZ) has been introduced as one of the efficient drugs. Besides to the suitable clinical effects, the administration of MTZ has some reported side-effects which emphasize on the identification of putative alternates.

New prevalence surveillance of among rodents and stray cats by ELISA avidity and nested PCR methods, Northeast of Iran.

Rodents and stray cats are the sources of many parasitic infections including for other animals and human. Toxoplasmosis has a wide range of laboratory factors in its intermediate and definite hosts. Regarding the importance of rodents and stray cats as the hosts that spread the , it is necessary to obtain comprehensive information about these animals in the life cycle of .

Isolation of from crows living in urban parks of Tehran, Iran: an investigation with zoonotic aspect.

Microsporidia are eukaryotic, intracellular obligate parasites that widely involve many organisms including insects, fish, birds, and mammals. One of the genera of Microsporidia is , which contains several opportunistic pathogens. Since spp.

Molecular assessment of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in hooded crows (Corvus cornix) in Tehran, Iran.

Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii are two closely related protozoan parasites that have been detected from various species of bird hosts. However, little is known about the prevalence of N. caninum and T.

A modified PCR-RFLP method to determine genetic diversity of Giardia lamblia human isolates based on triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) gene.

An infection of digestive system, Giardiasis, caused by tiny parasites called Giardia lamblia (also known Giardia intestinalis or Giardia duodenalis). Giardia sp. is the most common intestinal parasite of humans and other animals throughout the world.

Trichomoniasis in older individuals: a preliminary report from Iran.

Infection with is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in humans. The prevalence of infection in Iran has been reported 0.009-8 % depending on deferent socio-cultural conditions.

A Pictorial Key for Culex pipiens Complex (Diptera: Culicidae) In Iran.

Background: The aim of this study was to design pictorial key and taxonomic literature of Culex pipiens complex in Iran.

Methods: Larvae were collected using standard dipping methods in 13 randomly selected areas of Bushehr, Hamedan, Kerman, Khorasan-e-Razavi, Khuzistan, Mazandaran, Tehran, Sistan and Baluchistan and Yazd Provinces from April 2009 to October 2010. The data were analyzed using SPSS Ver.

Molecular typing of the actin gene of Trichomonas vaginalis isolates by PCR-RFLP in Iran.

Trichomonas vaginalis is a human urogenital pathogen that causes trichomoniasis, the most common nonviral, parasitic sexually transmitted infection in the world. At present, little is known regarding the degree of strain variability of T. vaginalis.

In vitro and in vivo antileishmanial effects of aloe-emodin on Leishmania major.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a common parasitic disease that is endemic in some parts of Iran. The drugs of choice used for leishmaniasis therapy are associated with a risk of recurrence and serious adverse effects. Therefore, finding a safe and effective treatment is of great importance.