Enhanced anticancer and biological activities of environmentally friendly Ni/Cu-ZnO solid solution nanoparticles.

The study investigates the impact of incorporating Ni and Cu into the lattice of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) to enhance their anticancer and antioxidant properties. Characterization techniques including pXRD, FTIR, UV-visible absorption spectroscopy, FESEM, and EDAX confirm the successful synthesis and structural modifications of Ni/Cu-ZnO NPs. Anticancer activity against breast cancer (MDA) and normal skin (BHK-21) cells reveals dose-dependent cytotoxicity, with Ni/Cu-ZnO NPs exhibiting higher efficacy against MDA cells while being less harmful to BHK-21 cells.

A New Reality for Multiple Myeloma Renal Failure: US Data Report on Kidney Transplant Outcomes.

Introduction: Describe graft and overall survival outcomes in multiple myeloma (MM) patients who underwent kidney transplant (KT) compared to the general KT population.

Patients And Methods: The Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network/National United Network for Organ Sharing (OPTON/UNOS) database was analyzed from 1988 to 2019 with R 4.00 and the 2013-2017 United States Renal Data System (USRDS) was surveyed for incidence and mortality of MM ESRD.

Interference with the lower gut-liver axis induces remission of primary sclerosing cholangitis in a patient with ulcerative colitis.

The gut-liver axis describes the complex interactions between gut microbiota, the small and large bowel, the immune system and the liver. Current evidence associates abnormalities within the gut-liver axis with liver disease such as primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). PSC is believed to be an immune-mediated disease though the exact mechanism of its pathogenesis remains unknown.

Variability in assessing for BK viremia: whole blood is not reliable and plasma is not above reproach - a retrospective analysis.

Polyomavirus nephropathy (PVN) is a major complication of kidney transplantation. Most reports describe polyomavirus viremia either precedes or is detectable at the time of diagnosis of PVN. This association is the basis of current screening recommendations.

Pre-empting Antibody-Mediated Rejection: A Program of DSA Monitoring and Treatment Can Effectively Prevent Antibody Mediated Rejection.

Antibody-mediated rejection (AMR) remains a problem without a reliable treatment in the care of kidney transplant patients. We proposed and tested a program of screening for donor specific antibodies (DSA) to initiate treatment of patients before AMR was detected and to prevent its occurrence. Starting in April 2012, we stratified patients into high-, medium-, and low-risk groups for the development of DSA and instituted a program of screening for and treatment of these antibodies.

BK polyomavirus infection in the renal transplant recipient.

Renal transplant recipients continue to have progressive kidney dysfunction and renal graft loss has been attributed to emerging opportunistic infections, specifically BK virus (BKV). BKV is postulated to be selected by the new potent immunosuppressive medications and to be an important factor in graft failure. The prevalence of BKV nephropathy (BKVN) is estimated to be 1% to 10% and renal allograft loss from BKVN has been estimated to occur in up to 50% of affected recipients.

Kidney transplant chains amplify benefit of nondirected donors.

Importance: Despite the potential for altruistic nondirected donors (NDDs) to trigger multiple transplants through nonsimultaneous transplant chains, concerns exist that these chains siphon NDDs from the deceased donor wait list and that donors within chains might not donate after their partner receives a transplant.

Objective: To determine the number of transplantations NDDs trigger through chains.

Design: Retrospective review of large, multicenter living donor-recipient database.

Preemptive kidney transplantation in systemic lupus erythematosus.

Preemptive kidney transplantation is associated with superior outcomes. Patients who have kidney failure due to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) may not receive a preemptive kidney transplant because of the concern for risk of disease recurrence with shortened graft and patient survival. We identified 8001 patients in the United Network for Organ Sharing dataset who underwent kidney transplantation between October 1987 and February 2009 with kidney failure due to SLE.

Scurvy: presenting as musculoskeletal pain.

The incidence of scurvy in the paediatric population is very low. This report describes a case of scurvy in toddler girl who was admitted with severe pain in legs and difficulty in walking along with bleeding from gums. After extensive investigation, she was found to have vitamin C deficiency resulting from restrictive eating pattern.

Pyoderma Gangrenosum in Crohn's Disease: Unusual Presentation and Management.

Pyoderma gangrenosum is an uncommon, destructive, cutaneous ulceration which presents as ulcerative, pustular, bulluous and vegetative forms, the ulcerative forms being more common. We present the case of 41-year-old woman with Crohn's disease who presented with a rather unusual form of pyoderma gangrenosum, aseptic cutaneous abscess. It was initially misdiagnosed as a fistulous tract in the abdominal wall, but later prompt diagnosis of pyoderma gangrenosum led to a very satisfactory outcome.

Pauci-immune and immune glomerular lesions in kidney transplants for systemic lupus erythematosus.

Background And Objectives: Glomerular lesions in allografts in recipients with end-stage nephritis resulting from systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were examined to determine the spectrum of glomerular pathology in recurrent glomerulonephritis (GN).

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: A total of 156 biopsy samples, from 49 serial allografts in 43 recipients with end-stage lupus nephritis, were examined by light microscopy, and by immunofluorescence and electron microscopy in selected cases. These were compared with control allografts (n = 35).

The outcome of renal transplantation among systemic lupus erythematosus patients.

Background: Clinical outcome of renal transplantation among systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients remains a topic of controversy. Most of the previous reports were based upon small single-centre studies that were not always well-designed.

Methods: We conducted the retrospective analysis using data from USRDS and UNOS databases.

Treatment of renal allograft polyoma BK virus infection with leflunomide.

Background: Polyoma BK virus produces an aggressively destructive nephropathy in approximately 3% to 8% of renal allografts, is associated with graft loss within one year in 35% to 67% of those infected and there is no therapy of proven efficacy. Leflunomide is an immune suppressive drug with anti viral activity in vitro and in animals.

Methods: We treated twenty-six patients with biopsy proven NK virus nephropathy (BKN) with either leflunomide alone (n=17) or leflunomide plus a course of cidofovir (n=9) and followed them for six to forty months.

Polyoma virus infection of renal allografts: relationships of the distribution of viral infection, tubulointerstitial inflammation, and fibrosis suggesting viral interstitial nephritis in untreated disease.

Whether polyoma virus (PV) infection of renal allografts induces an antiviral or antigraft immune reaction is unclear. By examination of the relationships of tubular PV to graft inflammation and scarring, this study sought histological evidence of viral interstitial nephritis in allograft biopsies with untreated PV infection and compared the inflammatory indices to controls with acute rejection (AR). Morphological features including viral cytopathic changes (VCCs) and modified Banff 97 histological indices were evaluated in sections of 28 diagnostic biopsies from a group of patients receiving prednisone, tacrolimus, and mycophenolate mofetil at constant dosage before biopsy.

Treatment of glomerulonephritis: will we ever have options other than steroids and cytotoxics?

Glomerulonephritis refers to a collection of primary renal disorders and those secondary to a systemic disease, all characterized by inflammation within the glomerulus. Given the underlying immunologic nature of these disorders, they are routinely treated with corticosteriods and various cytotoxic agents. Although in many instances such therapies are successful, they are associated with significant morbidity; as such, alternatives are clearly necessary.

Implications of immunohistochemical detection of C4d along peritubular capillaries in late acute renal allograft rejection.

Background: Immunohistochemical detection of the C4d complement product along peritubular capillaries (PC) may indicate humoral rejection of renal allografts. We examined the frequency of PC C4d expression in renal-allograft biopsies with acute rejection (AR) arising more than 6 months after transplantation and the impact of this finding.

Methods: C4d was detected by immunoperoxidase in 2-micron paraffin sections of consecutive biopsies obtained over a 3-year period.

Cardiovascular diseases in kidney transplant recipients: the role of anemia.

Cardiovascular diseases are among the leading causes of mortality and death associated graft loss in kidney transplant recipients. Recently, there has been an increased awareness of the potential role of nontraditional risk factors such as anemia in contributing to the increased burden of cardiovascular diseases in kidney transplant recipients. Studies that are primarily based on retrospective data analyses have shown an association between anemia and cardiovascular outcomes.

Histopathological diagnosis and outcome of paediatric nephrotic syndrome.

Objective: To determine the histological picture and outcome of treatment in cases of childhood nephrotic syndrome who needed renal biopsy.

Design: An analytical study.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Paediatrics, King Edward Medical College, and Mayo Hospital, Lahore from 1st June 1996 to 31st December, 2001 over a period of 5-1/2 years.

Treatment of de novo and recurrent membranous nephropathy in renal transplant patients.

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is one of the common glomerular diseases diagnosed in transplanted kidneys. The exact impact of posttransplantation MN on the risk for graft loss and long-term graft outcome is not defined clearly. In recent reports, it has emerged as the third most frequent glomerulonephritis (de novo or recurrent) associated with renal allograft loss.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for oesophageal dysplasia and early carcinoma with mTHPC (m-tetrahydroxyphenyl chlorin): a preliminary study.

Barrett's oesophagus is a premalignant condition in which stratified squamous type mucosa of the normal oesophagus is replaced by specialised intestinal type columnar mucosa. Oesophageal resection was previously considered to be the treatment of choice for high-grade dysplasia or superficial carcinoma arising in this columnar-lined mucosa. We treated four patients with Barrett's oesophagus and high-grade dysplasia, and one patient with superficial oesophageal carcinoma with photodynamic therapy (PDT) using an argon-pumped dye laser light (652 nm).

Glomerular injury and tubular loss in adriamycin nephrosis.

Glomerular injury manifested by sustained proteinuria usually leads to tubule injury and reduction of the GFR. The current study explored the link between these processes in rats with adriamycin nephrosis. One group of nephrotic rats received a vasopressin V2 receptor blocker (V2X) from 4 to 16 wk after injection of adriamycin, whereas a second group received no treatment (NoRx).