Nanoparticle containing recombinant excretory/secretory-24 protein of enhanced the cellular immune responses in mice.

poses a global challenge as a parasite affecting small ruminants, yet the problem of absence of an effective vaccine against infection still exists. This investigation sought to appraise the immunological reaction induced by recombinant excretory/secretory-24 (rHcES-24) in combination with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) and bio-polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) within a murine model. In this study, rHcES-24 was encapsulated in poly(d, l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and chitosan (CS) NPs, administered subcutaneously to mice.

Partial Protection of Goats against Achieved with ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 Encapsulated in PLGA Nanoparticles.

Background: (), a nematode with global prevalence, poses a major threat to the gastrointestinal health of sheep and goats. In an effort to combat this parasite, a nanovaccine was created using a recombinant ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) antigen encapsulated within poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA). This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of this nanovaccine in providing protection against infection.

Molecular Identification of Ticks and Application of Toxins as an Effective Biological Acaricide.

() is considered one of the most important entomopathogenic microorganisms. It produces potent toxins against insects. Therefore, the present study investigates the bioacaricidal properties of on the tick species.

The anthelmintic potential of Bacillus thuringiensis to counter the anthelmintic resistance against Haemonchus contortus.

Haemonchus contortus (H. contortus) has developed resistance to nearly all available anthelmintic medications. Hence, alternative strategies are required to counter anthelmintic resistance.

Effect of Selenium Nanoparticles and Chitosan on Production Performance and Antioxidant Integrity of Heat-Stressed Broiler.

In this study, 336-day-old corn cob broilers were bought for the poultry experimental station during the months of May and June 2021. Before the arrival of chicks, the brooders, chick feeders, drinkers, humidity, temperature, and feeding management were controlled according to scientific patterns. These birds were randomly divided into seven groups and six replications of eight birds, viz.

Immunomodulatory and ameliorative effects of probiotic in combination with diclazuril on broilers under coccidia infection.

Aim: This study aimed to determine the potential prophylactic efficacy of probiotic individually and/or in combination with anti-coccidial drug on the performance and immunity of broilers under an induced coccidial infection over a 28-day of experimental trial.

Methods: One hundred and eighty 1-day-old Cobb broiler chicks were randomly divided into five groups, included control group (CG), control positive group (CPG), probiotic-treated group (Prob), diclazuril-treated group (Dic), and probiotic + diclazuril-treated group (Prob + Dic). On day 21 of age, all birds, except group CG, were orally inoculated with 1 ml of tap water containing 25,000 Eimeria tenella sporulated oocysts.

The immunogenic maturation of goat monocyte-derived dendritic cells and upregulation of toll-like receptors by five antigens of Haemonchus contortus in-vitro.

Previously, it was found that several proteins of Haemonchus contortus were involved in the stimulation of the host immune system. However, the information about the selection of superlative antigens with immunogenic efficacies on host DCs is lacking. In the current study, the stimulatory effects of five recombinant proteins (elongation factor-1α, arginine kinase, ES-15, ES-24, and ADP-ribosylation factor 1) of H.

Nanoparticles (PLGA and Chitosan)-Entrapped ADP-Ribosylation Factor 1 of Enhances the Immune Responses in ICR Mice.

ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (HcARF1) is one of the () excretory/secretory proteins involved in modulating the immune response of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Here, we evaluated the immunogenic potential of recombinant HcARF1 (rHcARF1) against infection in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) mice. Briefly, rHcARF1 was entrapped in poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) and chitosan (CS) nanoparticles (NP) and injected into mice as a vaccine.

Identification of a novel methyltransferase-type 12 protein from Haemonchus contortus and its effects on functions of goat PBMCs.

Background: Methyltransferases (MTFs) are broad range of enzymes, which are ubiquitously expressed in diverse organisms ranging from bacteria to animals. MTFs proteins have been associated with various biological/cellular processes including transcriptional regulation, subcellular protein and RNA localization, signal transduction and DNA-damage repair. However, the role of MTFs in immune mechanism during host-parasite interaction has not been addressed yet.

Characterization of Excretory/Secretory Antigen (ES-15) and Its Modulatory Functions on Goat Immune Cells In Vitro.

Small size excretory/secretory (ES) antigens of the parasite have intense interest among researchers for understanding the molecular basis of helminths immune regulation in term of control strategies. Immunomodulatory roles of ES-15 kDa (HcES-15) on host immune cells during host-parasite interactions are unknown. In this study, the HcES-15 gene was cloned and expression of recombinant protein (rHcES-15) was induced by isopropyl-ß-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG).

Recombinant elongation factor 1 alpha of Haemonchus contortus affects the functions of goat PBMCs.

Excretory/secretory proteins of Haemonchus contortus (HcESPs) intermingle comprehensively with host immune cells and modulate host immune responses. In this study, H contortus ES antigen named as elongation factor 1 alpha (HcEF-1α) was cloned and expressed. The influences of recombinant HcEF-1α on multiple functions of goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were observed in vitro.

Galectin Domain Containing Protein from Modulates the Immune Functions of Goat PBMCs and Regulates CD4+ T-Helper Cells In Vitro.

Galectins are glycan-binding proteins that are widely expressed and distributed in mammalian tissues as well as cells of innate and adaptive immune responses. CD4+ T-helper cells differentiate into effector subsets in response to cytokines. T helper 9 cells are one of the recently described subsets of effector T cells that are relatively new and less studied.

The Serine/Threonine-Protein Phosphatase 1 From Is Actively Involved in Suppressive Regulatory Roles on Immune Functions of Goat Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells.

Serine/threonine-protein phosphatases (STPs), as integral constituents of parasitic excretory/secretory proteins, are assumed to be released during the host-parasite interactions. However, knowledge about these phosphatases and their immunoregulatory and immune protective efficiencies with host peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is scant. In this study, an open reading frame of STP from designated as HcSTP-1 was amplified and cloned using reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) method.

Recombinant protein of small GTPase ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (HcARF1) modulate the cell mediated immune response .

ADP-ribosylation factors (ARFs) are members of the Ras-related small GTPase family involved in the vesicular trafficking regulation. Immunomodulatory effects of these proteinson host cell arenot being addressed yet. small GTPase ADP-ribosylation 1 gene (HcARF1) was cloned and recombinant protein of HcARF1 (rHcARF1) was successfully expressed in .

Arginine kinase from Haemonchus contortus decreased the proliferation and increased the apoptosis of goat PBMCs in vitro.

Background: Arginine kinase (AK), an important member of phosphagen kinase family has been extensively studied in various vertebrates and invertebrates. Immunologically, AKs are important constituents of different body parts, involved in various biological and cellular functions, and considered as immune-modulator and effector for pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, immunoregulatory changes of host cells triggered by AK protein of Haemonchus contortus, a parasitic nematode of ruminants, are still unknown.

Characterization of a novel aspartyl protease inhibitor from Haemonchus contortus.

Background: Aspartyl protease inhibitor (API) was thought to protect intestinal parasitic nematodes from their hostile proteolytic environment. Studies on Ostertagia ostertagi, Ascaris suum and Brugia malayi indicated that aspins might play roles in nematode infection. In a recent study, proteins differentially expressed between free-living third-stage larvae (L3) and activated L3 (xL3) of Haemonchus contortus were identified by 2D-DIGE.

Elongation Factor 1-Alpha (TgEF-1α) Is a Novel Vaccine Candidate Antigen against Toxoplasmosis.

() is an obligate intracellular parasite which can infect almost all warm-blood animals, leading to toxoplasmosis. Screening and discovery of an effective vaccine candidate or new drug target is crucial for the control of this disease. In this study, the recombinant elongation factor 1-alpha (rTgEF-1α) was successfully expressed in in Passive immunization of mice with anti-rTgEF-1α polyclonal antibody following challenge with a lethal dose of tachyzoites significantly increased the survival time compared with PBS control group.

Recombinant Haemonchus contortus 24 kDa excretory/secretory protein (rHcES-24) modulate the immune functions of goat PBMCs in vitro.

A 24 kDa protein is one of the important components in Haemonchus contortus (barber pole worm) excretory/secretory products (HcESPs), which was shown to have important antigenic function. However, little is known about the immunomodulatory effects of this proteinon host cell. In the present study gene encoding 24kDa excretory/secretory protein (HcES-24) was cloned.

The Molecular Characterization and Immunity Identification of Microneme 3 of Eimeria acervulina.

The gene of Eimeria acervulina microneme protein 3 (EaMIC3) was cloned and characterized. According to the conserved sequence, the 3'- and 5'-ends of EaMIC3 were amplified by the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full length cDNA of this gene was obtained by overlapping the sequences of 3'- and 5'-extremities and amplification by reverse transcription PCR.

Recombinant protein of Haemonchus contortus 14-3-3 isoform 2 (rHcftt-2) decreased the production of IL-4 and suppressed the proliferation of goat PBMCs in vitro.

14-3-3 proteins have been found to be an excreted/secreted antigen and assumed to be released into the host-parasite interface and described in several unicellular and multicellular parasites. However, little is known about the immunomodulatory effects of H. controtus 14-3-3 protein on host cell.

Proteomic response of mouse pituitary gland under heat stress revealed active regulation of stress responsive proteins.

The mapping of tissue proteomes can identify the molecular regulators and effectors of their physiological activity. However, proteomic response of a mammalian tissue against heat stress (HS) particularly of the pituitary gland has not yet been resolved. The proteomic response of the mouse pituitary gland against HS at 40C was evaluated by iTRAQ.

Proteomic Analysis of the Excretory and Secretory Proteins of Haemonchus contortus (HcESP) Binding to Goat PBMCs In Vivo Revealed Stage-Specific Binding Profiles.

Haemonchus contortus is a parasitic gastrointestinal nematode, and its excretory and secretory products (HcESPs) interact extensively with the host cells. In this study, we report the interaction of proteins from HcESPs at different developmental stages to goat peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in vivo using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A total of 407 HcESPs that interacted with goat PBMCs at different time points were identified from a H.