Understanding the complex function of gut microbiota: its impact on the pathogenesis of obesity and beyond: a comprehensive review.

Obesity is a multifactorial condition influenced by genetic, environmental, and microbiome-related factors. The gut microbiome plays a vital role in maintaining intestinal health, increasing mucus creation, helping the intestinal epithelium mend, and regulating short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production. These tasks are vital for managing metabolism and maintaining energy balance.

A Clinicopathologic Study of 1598 Ultrasound-Guided Needle Prostate Biopsies and Trends in Prostate Cancer Over a 14-Year Period.

Background: Prostate cancer manifests in various forms, ranging from occult and localized to metastatic disease. Analyzing prostate biopsies offers insights into histopathological characteristics, enhancing disease understanding and management.

Methods: This 14-year study reviewed ultrasound-guided needle prostate biopsies, collecting data via questionnaires and medical records, focusing on Gleason group, tumor involvement percentage, and predicted cancer stage.

Investigating the relationship between the type of occlusion and mandibular radiomorphometric indices in patients with normal facial height.

Background: The ability to predict the extent and direction of horizontal growth of the patient's face at an early age allows clinicians to timely identify cases that require treatment during the growth period and to ensure that appropriate treatment can be administered.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the antegonial angle, gonial angle, antegonial notch depth, and the type of the antegonial notch on predicting horizontal facial growth in individuals with normal facial height.

Material And Methods: In this descriptive analytic study, lateral and panoramic radiographs of 180 patients aged 17-30 years with normal facial height who were referred to the School of Dentistry of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences and private dental clinics were investigated.

Does difficulty moderate learning? A comparative analysis of the desirable difficulties framework and cognitive load theory.

There is evidence to suggest that variations in difficulty during learning can moderate long-term retention. However, the direction of this effect is under contention throughout the literature. According to both the Desirable Difficulties Framework (DDF) and the Retrieval Effort Hypothesis (REH), difficulty (thus relative effort) during retrieval-based learning can help achieve superior long-term retention.

Improvements for the solution of crack evolution using extended finite element method.

It is demonstrated that the eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM) is of remarkable efficiency in simulating crack evolution by eliminating the need for remeshing and refinement. In this paper, it is shown how to enhance the solution efficiency through a comprehensive mathematical investigation of the solution process using XFEM. A typical example is presented to illustrate the disparities in nodal displacements along the two symmetric faces of the crack resulting from the approximation of XFEM.

A single-photon emitter coupled to a phononic-crystal resonator in the resolved-sideband regime.

A promising route towards the deterministic creation and annihilation of single-phonons is to couple a single-photon emitter to a mechanical resonator. The challenge lies in reaching the resolved-sideband regime with a large coupling rate and a high mechanical quality factor. We achieve this by coupling self-assembled InAs quantum dots to a small mode-volume phononic-crystal resonator with mechanical frequency Ω/2π = 1.

A systematic and meta-analytic review of the impact of sleep restriction on memory formation.

Modern life causes a quarter of adults and half of teenagers to sleep for less than is recommended (Kocevska et al., 2021). Given well-documented benefits of sleep on memory, we must understand the cognitive costs of short sleep.

The role of the somatosensory system in the feeling of emotions: a neurostimulation study.

Emotional experiences deeply impact our bodily states, such as when we feel 'anger', our fists close and our face burns. Recent studies have shown that emotions can be mapped onto specific body areas, suggesting a possible role of the primary somatosensory system (S1) in emotion processing. To date, however, the causal role of S1 in emotion generation remains unclear.

Immunomodulatory effects of live and UV-killed natto on inflammatory response in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line .

Background And Objectives: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a heterogeneous disease of the colon or rectum arising from adenoma precursors and serrated polyps. Recently, probiotics have been proposed as an effective and potential therapeutic approach for CRC prevention and treatment. Probiotics have been shown to alleviate inflammation by restoring the integrity of the mucosal barrier and impeding cancer progression.

Realization of a Coherent and Efficient One-Dimensional Atom.

A quantum emitter interacting with photons in a single optical-mode constitutes a one-dimensional atom. A coherent and efficiently coupled one-dimensional atom provides a large nonlinearity, enabling photonic quantum gates. Achieving a high coupling efficiency (β factor) and low dephasing is challenging.

Phenotypic and genotypic determination of resistance to common disinfectants among strains of Acinetobacter baumannii producing and non-producing biofilm isolated from Iran.

Background: Nosocomial infections are a global problem in hospitals all around the world. It is considered a major health problem, especially in developing countries. The increase in the patient's stay in hospitals has increased the mortality rate, and consequently, the costs drastically increase.

Comparing the Effects of Lavender Aromatherapy and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy on Sexual Function in Women in Iran.

Objective: To compare the effects of aromatherapy with lavender and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for sexuality (MBCT-S) on female sexual function.

Design: Randomized controlled trial.

Setting: Health centers in Roudan city, Iran.

Customised-sampling approach for pipe failure prediction in water distribution networks.

This paper presents a new methodology for addressing imbalanced class data for failure prediction in Water Distribution Networks (WDNs). The proposed methodology relies on existing approaches including under-sampling, over-sampling, and class weighting as primary strategies. These techniques aim to treat the imbalanced datasets by adjusting the representation of minority and majority classes.

Enzymatically and chemically starch nanoparticles preparation using ultrasonication, precipitation and lyophilization post-treatments: Screening and characterization.

Starch nanoparticles (SNPs) have been used in food emulsions as natural stabilizer and emulsifier. SNPs in colloidal form were produced using enzymatically, acidic and alkaline hydrolyses in combination to ultrasonication and precipitation methods. X-Ray diffraction test for produced SNPs indicated that enzymatically and acidic prepared SNPs had amorphous structure while, the resulted SNPs using alkaline hydrolysis had lower relatively crystallinity.

Real-time detection kit for hydrogen fuel cell.

Among hydrogen technologies, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is known as an efficient device using hydrogen as the fuel. Although different real-time fault-diagnosis methods are available (i.e.

Global perspectives on groundwater infiltration to sewer networks: A threat to urban sustainability.

While existing studies on sewer networks have explored topics such as surface water inflow, limited research has delved into groundwater infiltration (GWI). This study aims to fill this void by providing a comprehensive overview of quantitative analyses of GWI in sewer networks plus current status, limitations and future perspectives, considering the most relevant peer-reviewed research, including 83 studies. We propose dividing the existing research into two main groups: (1) phreatic zone, and (2) vadose zone.

Ecological and evolutionary dynamics of CRISPR-Cas systems in Clostridium botulinum: Insights from genome mining and comparative analysis.

Understanding the prevalence and distribution of CRISPR-Cas systems across different strains can illuminate the ecological and evolutionary dynamics of Clostridium botulinum populations. In this study, we conducted genome mining to characterize the CRISPR-Cas systems of C. botulinum strains.

Association between matrix metalloproteinase-9-1562C/T gene polymorphism and MMP-9 serum level in rheumatoid arthritis.

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease indicated by joint inflammation and cartilage destruction. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) enzymes play an influential role in inflammation by affecting the invasion and degradation of anatomical barriers. In this way, the current study investigated the relationship between the MMP-9-1562C/T gene polymorphism and this enzyme's serum level in RA.

Prediction of villin expression and tumor behavior in colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common cancers and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. The incidence is gradually increasing, and the mortality and recurrence rates of the disease remain high.

Methods: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional study using tissue samples of 106 patients who underwent surgery at Sina Hospital from 2021 to 2022.

Environmental impact assessment of ocean energy converters using quantum machine learning.

The depletion of fossil energy reserves and the environmental pollution caused by these sources highlight the need to harness renewable energy sources from the oceans, such as waves and tides, due to their high potential. On the other hand, the large-scale deployment of ocean energy converters to meet future energy needs requires the use of large farms of these converters, which may have negative environmental impacts on the ocean ecosystem. In the meantime, a very important point is the volume of data produced by different methods of collecting data from the ocean for their analysis, which makes the use of advanced tools such as different machine learning algorithms even more colorful.

Feedback-based learning from viewpoints of surgical nursing students: A mixed-method study.

Background: Feedback-based learning (FBL) focuses on guiding the learning process according to educational objectives and the student's needs. This study aimed to investigate surgical nursing students' perceptions and explore their experiences of FBL.

Method: The present study used a mixed-methods sequential explanatory design that was conducted in the quantitative and qualitative phases.

Solidification/stabilization of lead-contaminated soil using alkali-activated volcanic ash.

The bioaccumulation of lead in soil poses a significant human health risk. The solidification/stabilization (S/S) technique, employing binders like Portland cement or lime, is a common method for remediating lead-contaminated soil. However, cement production has adverse environmental impacts, prompting the exploration of eco-friendly alternatives like alkali-activated materials (AAMs).

Quality improvement of oil extracted from flaxseeds ( L.) incorporated with olive leaves by cold press.

Flaxseed oil has a high amount of α-linolenic acid (an ω3 essential fatty acid), but it is very prone to oxidation. Therefore, olive leaves were used as a rich source of phenolic compounds with flaxseeds upon oil extraction by cold press to enhance the oxidative stability of extracted oils. Oil from flaxseeds with unblanched leaves and blanched leaves at level of (0 [control sample], 2.

Pressure Changes Across a Membrane Formed by Coacervation of Oppositely Charged Polymer-Surfactant Systems.

We investigate the mass transfer and membrane growth processes during capsule formation by the interaction of the biopolymer xanthan gum with CTAB surfactants. When a drop of xanthan gum polymer solution is added to the surfactant solution, a membrane is formed by coacervation. It encapsulates the polymer drop in the surfactant solution.