Anti-rheumatic activity of topical nanoemulsion containing bee venom in rats.

Purpose: Bee Venom (BV) has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for many centuries. However, its clinical use is limited by pain and fear of bee stings/injection. Nanoemulsions (NEs) are nanocarriers that are able to help their content(s) penetrate through the skin.

An observational study of secondary task engagement while driving on urban streets in Iranian Safe Communities.

In Iran the prevalence of traffic injuries and death from vehicle collisions are high. Driver engagement in non-driving-related tasks has been previously identified as an important contributing factor to crashes. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of drivers' engagement in potentially distracting activities in Kashmar, Khalilabad and Bardaskan, which are three Iranian International Safe Communities.

Seat belt use among car drivers in Iranian safe communities: An observational study.

Objective: The number of road traffic injuries and fatalities in Iran is high. The aim of the present study was to investigate the rate of drivers' seat belt use and a number of related factors in Kashmar, Bardaskan, and Khalilabad (Iranian Safe Communities).

Methods: In 2014, driver observations were made at 48 road sites on intercity roads, main streets, side streets, and rural roads in these 3 cities.