The effect of microRNA-9 overexpression on inhibition of melanoma cancer stem cells tumorigenicity.

Most of the studies have reported the downregulation of miR-9 in metastatic melanomas compared to primary tumors. They indicated that miR-9 negatively regulates the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by inhibiting SNAIL1 expression and consequently promotes CDH1 expression. Since the process of EMT is associated to stem cell features, it could be interesting to study the effect of miR-9 on melanoma cancer stem cells.

Intra-lesion injection of activated Natural Killer (NK) cells in recurrent malignant brain tumors.

Despite multi-modal therapies for patients with malignant brain tumors, their median survival is < 2 years. Recently, NK cells have provided cancer immune surveillance through their direct natural cytotoxicity and by modulating dendritic cells to enhance the presentation of tumor antigens and regulate T-cell-mediated antitumor responses. However, the success of this treatment modality in brain tumors is unclear.

Hsp70, in Combination with IL-15 and PD-1 Blocker, Interferes with The Induction of Cytotoxic NK Cells in Relapsed Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients.

Objective: Natural killer (NK) cells are critical immune cells for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) targeting. However, little is known about the relationship between using checkpoint inhibitors and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) as NK cell activators to control AML. Therefore, the study aims to find the best formulation of Hsp70, human PD-1 (Programmed cell death protein 1) blocker, and interleukin 15 (IL-15) to activate NK cells against AML.

Silibinin exhibits anti-tumor effects in a breast cancer stem cell model by targeting stemness and induction of differentiation and apoptosis.

Malignant breast cancer (BC) frequently contains a rare population of cells called cancer stem cells which underlie tumor relapse and metastasis, and targeting these cells may improve treatment options and outcomes for patients with BC. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of silibinin on the self-renewal capacity, tumorgenicity, and metastatic potential of mammospheres. The effect of silibinin on viability and proliferation of MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 mammospheres, and MDA-MB-468 cell aggregation was determined after 72-120 hours of treatment.

NK cell upraise in the dark world of cancer stem cells.

One of the obstacles in treating different cancers, especially solid tumors, is cancer stem cells (CSCs) with their ability in resistance to chemo/radio therapy. The efforts for finding advanced treatments to overcome these cells have led to the emergence of advanced immune cell-based therapy (AICBT). Today, NK cells have become the center of attention since they have been proved to show an appropriate cytotoxicity against different cancer types as well as the capability of detecting and killing CSCs.

An Integrative Analysis of The Micro-RNAs Contributing in Stemness, Metastasis and B-Raf Pathways in Malignant Melanoma and Melanoma Stem Cell.

Objective: Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the stemness potency in association with mutation are in dispensable to the progression of melanoma. Recently, microRNAs (miRNAs) have been introduced as the regulator of a multitude of oncogenic functions in most of tumors. Therefore identifying and interpreting the expression patterns of these miRNAs is essential.

Salinomycin-loaded injectable thermosensitive hydrogels for glioblastoma therapy.

Local drug delivery approaches for treating brain tumors not only diminish the toxicity of systemic chemotherapy, but also circumvent the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which restricts the passage of most chemotherapeutics to the brain. Recently, salinomycin has attracted much attention as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in a variety of cancers. In this study, poly (ethylene oxide)/poly (propylene oxide)/poly (ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO, Pluronic F127) and poly (dl-lactide-co-glycolide-b-ethylene glycol-b-dl-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA-PEG-PLGA), the two most common thermosensitive copolymers, were utilized as local delivery systems for salinomycin in the treatment of glioblastoma.

Long-Term Inhibition of Notch in A-375 Melanoma Cells Enhances Tumor Growth Through the Enhancement of , and as Intermediate Genes in Wnt and Notch Pathways.

Notch suppression by gamma-secretase inhibitors is a valid approach against melanoma. However, most of studies have evaluated the short-term effect of DAPT on tumor cells or even cancer stem cells. In the present study, we surveyed the short-term and long-term effects of DAPT on the stem cell properties of A375 and NA8 as melanoma cell lines.

An integrated analysis to predict micro-RNAs targeting both stemness and metastasis in human gastric cancer.

Background And Aim: Cancer stem cells (CSCs), a subpopulation of tumor cells, assess the capacity of self-renewal, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Regulation of CSCs and their epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) potential is one of the promising strategies to eliminate cancer or to inhibit metastasis. Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) as regulators of several cell properties, such as self-renewal, metastasis, and resistance to the drug, could be proper targets in cancer diagnosis and therapy.

MicroRNA-203 reinforces stemness properties in melanoma and augments tumorigenesis in vivo.

One of the challenges encountered in microRNA (miRNA) studies is to observe their dual role in different conditions and cells. This leads to a tougher prediction of their behavior as gene expression regulators. miR-203 has been identified to play a negative role in the progression of malignant melanoma; however, it has been reported, with dual effect, as both an oncomiR and tumor suppressor miRNA in some malignancies, such as breast cancer, meanwhile, the role of miR-203 in melanoma stem cells or even metastatic cells is unclear.

Histone Modification Marks Strongly Regulate CDH1 Promoter in Prostospheres as A Model of Prostate Cancer Stem Like Cells.

Objective: Cadherin-1 () plays an important role in the metastasis, while expression of this protein is under control of epigenetic changes on its gene promoter. Therefore we evaluated both DNA methylation (DNAmet) and histone modification marks of in prostate cancer stem like cells (PCSLCs).

Materials And Methods: In this experimental study, we isolated PCSLCs using cell surface marker and prostaspheroid formation, respectively.

An integrated analysis to predict micro-RNAs targeting both stemness and metastasis in breast cancer stem cells.

Several evidences support the idea that a small population of tumour cells representing self-renewal potential are involved in initiation, maintenance, metastasis, and outcomes of cancer therapy. Elucidation of microRNAs/genes regulatory networks activated in cancer stem cells (CSCs) is necessary for the identification of new targets for cancer therapy. The aim of the present study was to predict the miRNAs pattern, which can target both metastasis and self-renewal pathways using integration of literature and data mining.

CD133 Is Not Suitable Marker for Isolating Melanoma Stem Cells from D10 Cell Line.

Objective: Cutaneous melanoma is the most hazardous malignancy of skin cancer with a high mortality rate. It has been reported that cancer stem cells (CSCs) are responsible for malignancy in most of cancers including melanoma. The aim of this study is to compare two common methods for melanoma stem cell enriching; isolating based on the CD133 cell surface marker and spheroid cell culture.

STAT3 is Overactivated in Gastric Cancer Stem-Like Cells.

Objective: Gastric cancer (GC) is widely associated with chronic inflammation. The pro inflammatory microenvironment provides conditions that disrupt stem/progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. The signal transducer and activator of transcrip- tion-3 (STAT3) signaling pathway is involved in inflammation and also contributes to the maintenance of embryonic stem cell (ESCs) pluripotency.

Evaluation of the expressions pattern of miR-10b, 21, 200c, 373 and 520c to find the correlation between epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and melanoma stem cell potential in isolated cancer stem cells.

Small non-coding RNAs named microRNAs (miRNAs) modulate some functions and signaling pathways in skin epithelial cells and melanocytes. They also function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in malignancies and tumor metastasis. We investigated the expression patterns of miRNAs, including miR-10b, 21, 200c, 373 and 520c, which regulate epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and metastasis in isolated cancer stem cells (CSCs) and non- CSCs.