Economic Impact of Low Adherence to COPD Management Guidelines in Spain.

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the non-adherence level of Spanish clinical practice to guideline recommendations for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and to estimate the potential impact on pharmaceutical expenditure resulting from transitioning current treatment patterns according to guidelines.

Methods: A model was developed to compare current prescribing patterns with two alternative scenarios: the first aligned with the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD 2020) recommendations, and the second with the Spanish Guidelines for COPD (GesEPOC 2017). Current treatment practice was obtained from publications that describe treatment patterns by pulmonology departments in Spain.

Biologic treatments for psoriasis: the cost of alternative methods of dispensation of medication in Spain.

Objective: Hospital pharmacy services have adapted to the COVID‑19 pandemic. The aim of the study is to determine the economic  consequences of replacing hospital pharmacy dispensation with other  dispensing methods in the context of biological treatments for psoriasis in  Spain.

Method: Multiple dispensation scenarios were evaluated, combining different  dispensation frequencies and sites, and telepharmacy followup intervals.