Comparison of PCR, Nested PCR, and RT-LAMP for Rapid Detection of Feline Calicivirus Infection in Clinical Samples.

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a highly contagious virus that causes upper respiratory tract disease, commonly known as cat flu. It is widely distributed worldwide and poses a major threat to feline health. Therefore, it is essential to find an efficient and rapid method for detecting FCV.

Molecular epidemiology and strain diversity of circulating feline Calicivirus in Thai cats.

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a significant viral pathogen causing upper respiratory tract and oral diseases in cats. The emergence of the virulent systemic FCV variant (VS-FCV) has raised global concern in the past decade. This study aims to explore the epidemiology, genetic characterization, and diversity of FCV strains circulating among Thai cats.

Genetic detection and analysis of porcine norovirus in pigs farmed in north Vietnam.

Norovirus (NoV) causing gastroenteritis symptoms, which has been reported in several hosts, including humans, pigs, and rats. This study was conducted to identify porcine viral infection and to characterize NoV strains from pigs in some provinces in north Vietnam. Totally, 102 fecal samples from diarrheal pigs on farms in six cities and provinces in northern Vietnam during July 2022 to March 2023 were collected.

Duck Tembusu virus in North Vietnam: epidemiological and genetic analysis reveals novel virus strains.

Tembusu virus (TMUV) is an important infectious disease, causing economic losses in duck production. Since the first report of TMUV infection in Vietnam in 2020, the disease has persisted and affected poultry production in the country. This study conducted epidemiological and genetic characterization of the viral strains circulating in north Vietnam based on 130 pooled tissue samples collected in six provinces/cities during 2021.

Feline infectious peritonitis: A comprehensive evaluation of clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, and therapeutic approaches.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory characteristics of naturally occurring feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) and estimate the median survival time of FIP cats treated with prednisolone to guide further therapeutic planning.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study, data from a total of 116 cats with effusion were fully recorded. Forty-five FIP-diagnosed cats were enrolled for analysis.

Detection of feline immunodeficiency virus by neutral red-based loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay.

Background And Aim: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a retroviral pathogen globally responsible for immunodeficiency disease in cats. However, the current diagnosis based on antibody detection has limitations and can also produce false-positive results. This study aimed to develop a one-pot loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) process integrated with neutral red (NR-LAMP) assay for detection of FIV proviral DNA.

Biochemical and structural comparisons of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors against feline and human immunodeficiency viruses.

Background: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) causes an acquired immunodeficiency-like syndrome in cats. FIV is latent. No effective treatment has been developed for treatment the infected cats.

High-resolution melting analysis for simultaneous detection and discrimination between wild-type and vaccine strains of feline calicivirus.

High-resolution melting (HRM) analysis, a post-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) application in a single closed tube, is the straightforward method for simultaneous detection, genotyping, and mutation scanning, enabling more significant dynamic detection and sequencing-free turnaround time. This study aimed to establish a combined reverse-transcription quantitative PCR and HRM (RT-qPCR-HRM) assay for diagnosing and genotyping feline calicivirus (FCV). This developed method was validated with constructed FCV plasmids, clinical swab samples from living cats, fresh-frozen lung tissues from necropsied cats, and four available FCV vaccines.

Generation of a Single-Chain Variable Fragment Antibody against Feline Immunoglobulin G for Biosensor Applications.

For many decades, feline infectious disease has been among the most common health problems and a leading cause of death in cats. These diseases include toxoplasmosis, feline leukemia virus (FeLV), and particularly feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) disease. Early diagnosis is essential to increase the chance of successful treatment.

Porcine Sapovirus in Northern Vietnam: Genetic Detection and Characterization Reveals Co-Circulation of Multiple Genotypes.

Porcine sapovirus (PoSaV) has been reported in many countries over the world, which may cause gastroenteritis symptoms in pigs with all ages. There has been no report on PoSaV infection in Vietnam up to now. In this study, a total of 102 samples were collected from piglets, fattening pigs, and sows with diarrhea in several cities and provinces in northern Vietnam.

The first study on clinicopathological changes in cats with feline infectious peritonitis with and without retrovirus coinfection.

Background And Aim: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is an infectious, immune-mediated, and fatal disease in cats caused by a mutant feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection. Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) are two common retroviruses that play a role in reducing feline immune function with opportunistic retrovirus infection being a predisposing factor for the development of FIP. This study aimed to evaluate the clinicopathological parameters of FIP in cats with and without retrovirus coinfection.

Molecularly Imprinted Nanoparticle Ensembles for Rapidly Identifying .

() belongs to methicillin-resistant bacteria strains that cause severe disease in humans. Herein, molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) nanoparticles resulting from solid-phase synthesis on entire cells were employed as a sensing material to identify the species. MIP nanoparticles revealed spherical shapes with diameters of approximately 70 nm to 200 nm in scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirmed.

Epidemiological Analysis and Genetic Characterization of Parvovirus in Ducks in Northern Vietnam Reveal Evidence of Recombination.

In total, 130 tissue-pooled samples collected from ducks in some provinces/cities in north Vietnam were examined for waterfowl parvovirus genome identification. Twenty-six (20%) samples were positive for the parvovirus infection, based on polymerase chain reaction analysis. Of the 38 farms tested, 14 (36.

Risk factors and clinical and laboratory findings associated with feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus infections in Bangkok, Thailand.

Background And Aim: Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are retroviruses associated with chronic and neoplastic diseases in domestic and non-domestic cats. There has been increasing interest in the clinical importance of feline retroviruses in Thailand and the identification of associated risk factors in domestic cats. To prevent the spread of retroviral diseases and improve the management of retrovirus-infected cats, risk factors and associated clinical laboratory data must be clearly understood.

Development of Colorimetric Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for Detecting Feline Coronavirus.

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a worldwide fatal disease caused by a mutant feline coronavirus (FCoV). Simple and efficient molecular detection methods are needed. Here, sensitive, specific, rapid, and reliable colorimetric reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) was developed to detect the ORF1a/1b gene of FCoV from cats with suspected FIP using neutral red as an indicator.

Investigation of Bacterial Isolations and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Chronic Rhinitis in Cats.

Chronic rhinitis is a quite common upper respiratory tract (URT) disease in cats. As a result of unclear etiology, frequently, multidrug-resistant bacteria are identified. This study investigated bacterial isolations and an antimicrobial susceptibility test (AST) in chronic rhinitis in cats.

Pro-inflammatory cytokine release from chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with lipopolysaccharide.

Background And Aim: The principal cytokines released by the host on infection include pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF). These cytokines were regarded as regulators of the host's response to infection. This study aimed to determine the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation.

Effectiveness and Adverse Events of Cyclophosphamide, Vincristine, and Prednisolone Chemotherapy in Feline Mediastinal Lymphoma Naturally Infected with Feline Leukemia Virus.

Feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection is considered a poor prognostic factor for feline lymphoma. This study investigated the prevalence of cats suffering from feline lymphoma with natural infection of the feline leukemia virus, as well as clinical signs, adverse events, and survival time after cyclophosphamide, vincristine and prednisolone (COP) chemotherapy. This retrospective study involved 92 cats diagnosed with mediastinal or mediastinal plus other anatomical sites of lymphoma and treated with COP chemotherapy.

Assessment of chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from freshly drawn blood versus 24 h refrigerated blood.

Background And Aim: The peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) is an excellent cell source for studies, particularly those involving immunology. The aim of this study was to determine the quality and quantity of chicken PBMCs isolated from freshly drawn blood as well as blood that had been chilled for 24 h. In addition, the survival of PBMCs cultured in medium was investigated.

Efficacy of cyclic lipopeptides obtained from to inhibit the growth of isolated from cats.

Background And Aim: () is a dermatophyte fungal pathogen that causes ringworms. Cats are considered to be a dominant reservoir host enabling transmission to humans. The concerns of dermatophyte resistance were raised among the usage of antifungal drugs to treat the ringworm.

Development of an easy-to-use urease kit for detecting in canine gastric mucosa.

Background And Aim: is an important pathogen in humans and animals involved in chronic gastritis, leading to the development of gastric cancer. Urease produced by is an enzyme that promotes bacterial colonization and can be used clinically as a biomarker of infection as part of a rapid urease test (RUT). A test with high specificity (95-100%) would be more convenient and faster than histopathology, bacterial culture, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Comparative sequence analysis of the accessory and nucleocapsid genes of feline coronavirus strains isolated from cats diagnosed with effusive feline infectious peritonitis.

Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a lethal infectious disease of domestic cats caused by feline coronavirus (FCoV) infection. Feline infectious peritonitis virus (FIPV) is a mutant type of FCoV that is characterized by causing fibrinous serositis with effusions in the pleural and abdominal cavities (wet form) and/or granulomatous-necrotizing inflammatory lesions in several organs (dry form). There have been numerous studies on FIP worldwide, whereas information about this disease in Thailand is still limited.

Anti-feline immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase properties of some medicinal and edible mushrooms.

Background And Aim: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) causes AIDS-like symptoms in domestic and wild cats. Treatment of infected cats has been performed using human anti-HIV drugs, which showed some limitations. This study aimed to determine the anti-FIV potential of some mushrooms.

Isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the expression of toll-like receptors in Betong chickens.

Background And Aim: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) comprise microbial sensing receptors present on cell surfaces that are capable of detecting pathogens. The present study aims to examine the expression of TLRs within the peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) of the Betong chickens.

Materials And Methods: Blood samples were harvested from 12 Betong (KU line) chickens.

Novel peptides with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitory activity derived from the fruits of Quercus infectoria.

The HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT), which is responsible for transcription of viral RNA genomes into DNA genomes, has become an important target for the treatment of patients with HIV infection. Hydrolyzed peptides from plants are considered a new source of potential drugs. In order to develop new effective inhibitors, peptides extracted from 111 Asian medicinal plants were screened against the HIV-1 RT.