Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infection.

Background: Urinary tract infection is one of the commonest infectious diseases worldwide. This study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria causing urinary tract infection visiting Kathmandu University Hospital.

Methods: A total of 3,500 urine samples were processed and antibiotic resistance pattern was determined following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia from Nepal Producing Two Novel Antibiotic Inactivating Enzymes, a Class A β-Lactamase KBL-1 and an Aminoglycoside 6'--Acetyltransferase AAC(6')-Iap.

Seven drug-resistant strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia were isolated from patients at two university hospitals in Nepal. S. maltophilia JUNP497 was found to encode a novel class A β-lactamase, KBL-1 (Kathmandu β-lactamase), consisting of 286 amino acids with 52.

Emergence of a highly colistin-resistant Aeromonas jandaei clinical isolate harbouring four genes encoding phosphoethanolamine transferases in Nepal.

Objectives: This study aimed to describe a clinical isolate of Aeromonas jandaei (A. jandaei) in Nepal that harboured four types of genes encoding phosphoethanolamine transferases.

Methods: An isolate of colistin-resistant A.

Molecular characterisation of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates in Nepal.

Objectives: The emergence of carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become a serious worldwide medical problem. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic and epidemiological properties of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains isolated from hospitals in Nepal.

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Gram-Negative Bacteria Causing Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Kathmandu University Hospital.

Background: Respiratory tract infection due to Gram-negative bacteria is a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study was carried out to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Gram-negative bacteria from patients with lower respiratory tract infection visiting Kathmandu University Hospital.

Methods: A total of 3,403 respiratory samples including sputum and endotracheal aspirates were processed and antibiotic resistance pattern was determined following Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute guidelines.

Highly multidrug-resistant clinical isolates from Nepal co-producing NDM-type metallo-β-lactamases and the 16S rRNA methylase ArmA.

can harbour extended-spectrum β-lactamases and carbapenemases, resulting in increased resistance to multiple antibiotics and a high mortality rate. This study describes the emergence of highly multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of from Nepal co-producing NDM-type metallo-β-lactamases, including NDM-1 and NDM-5, and the 16S rRNA methylase ArmA. This is the first report of clinical isolates from Nepal co-producing NDM-1/-5 and ArmA.

Emergence of clinical isolates of highly carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae co-harboring bla and bla in Nepal.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe the emergence in Nepal of clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae harboring both bla and bla.

Methods: Six clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae highly resistant to carbapenems and aminoglycosides were obtained from inpatients in Nepal.

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens Isolated from Infected Lesions.

Background: Wound infection with multidrug resistant bacteria along with risk factors is a major burden and challenge to the health care persons. This study focuses on antibiotic susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates and risk factors of patients with infected wounds.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted between November 2017 to June 2018 in Kathmandu University Hospital.

Hospital based surveillance and molecular characterization of rotavirus in children less than 5 years of age with acute gastroenteritis in Nepal.

Background: Rotavirus remains a significant causative agent of childhood acute gastroenteritis, particularly among children less than 5 years of age. Although precise data on childhood mortality associated with diarrheal disease in Nepal is not available, it is estimated that22% of all rotavirus deaths globally occurs in neighboring country of India. In spite of the substantial burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis in the Indian subcontinent, rotavirus vaccine has not been introduced in Nepal.

Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Paratyphi A Isolated from Patients with Bacteremia in Nepal.

Little is known about the epidemiology of typhoid and paratyphoid fever in Nepal. We aimed to elucidate the molecular and clinical epidemiology of Paratyphi A in Nepal. Isolates were collected from 23 cases of bacteremia due to Paratyphi A between December 2014 and October 2015.

Correction for Miyoshi-Akiyama et al., "Comparative Genome Analysis of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Sequence Type 131 Strains from Nepal and Japan".

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1128/mSphere.00289-16.

Comparative Genome Analysis of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Sequence Type 131 Strains from Nepal and Japan.

The global spread of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing (ESBL-) has largely been driven by the pandemic sequence type 131 (ST131). This study aimed to determine the molecular epidemiology of their spread in two Asian countries with contrasting prevalence. We conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of ESBL- ST131 strains collected prospectively from Nepal and Japan, two countries in Asia with a high and low prevalence of ESBL-, respectively.

Cyclospora Infection among School Children in Kathmandu, Nepal: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors.

Background: The intestinal coccidian protozoa Cyclospora cayetanensis has emerged as an important cause of parasitic diarrhea among children living in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Cyclospora among the school children of Kathmandu with reference to various associated risk factors.

Methodology: A total of five hundred and seven stool samples from students between the age of 3-14 years, studying in 13 different schools in Kathmandu were collected during the study period (May-November, 2014) and processed at the Public Health Research Laboratory, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal.

Clinical epidemiology and molecular analysis of extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Nepal: characteristics of sequence types 131 and 648.

Recently, CTX-M-type extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli strains have emerged worldwide. In particular, E. coli with O antigen type 25 (O25) and sequence type 131 (ST131), which is often associated with the CTX-M-15 ESBL, has been increasingly reported globally; however, epidemiology reports on ESBL-producing E.

Intravascular catheter-related infections in an Indian tertiary care hospital.

Introduction: This study had two objectives: 1) to determine the clinical and microbiological profiles of patients developing intravascular catheter-related local (localized catheter colonization and exit site) and systemic infections and their predisposing factors; 2) to study the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the organisms isolated.

Methodology: This case-control study was conducted over 19 months involving 232 patients at a tertiary care hospital. Non-tunneled central venous catheters and midline catheters were the two types studied.