Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-Associated Disease: A Case Report.

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a newly discovered autoimmune demyelinating disorder. The clinical manifestations of MOGAD are divergent but often characterized by inflammatory central nervous system (CNS) deficits such as optic neuritis, encephalitis, or transverse myelitis that predominantly affect the pediatric population. Despite the distinct features often associated with MOGAD, the disease exhibits a diverse range of clinical manifestations, making timely diagnosis and treatment challenging.

Iatrogenic Facial Nerve Injury in Head and Neck Surgery in the Presence of Intraoperative Facial Nerve Monitoring With Electromyography: A Systematic Review.

The facial nerve is the seventh of 12 cranial nerves found in the head and neck region that facilitates several nerve fibers and pathways to perform various functions. Iatrogenic facial nerve injury during surgeries of the head and neck is common, ranging from 4-6%, particularly in procedures that involve mobilization or resection of associated anatomical structures. Any injury to the facial nerve or its branches impacts the quality of life and patient satisfaction as the degree of iatrogenic injury may result in partial or complete facial nerve paralysis.

Craniopharyngioma in a 58-Year-Old Adult Male: A Case Report and Review of Literature.

Craniopharyngiomas are benign epithelial tumors derived from the suprasellar region of the brain. The classical presentation of midline craniopharyngiomas includes bitemporal hemianopsia. However, atypical presentations can lead to diagnosis delays and challenges in managing associated visual and endocrine deficits.

Characterization of the superior olivary complex of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) in comparison to humans.

The superior olivary complex (SOC) is a collection of nuclei in the hindbrain of mammals with numerous roles in hearing, including localization of sound sources in the environment, encoding temporal and spectral elements of sound, and descending modulation of the cochlea. While there have been several investigations of the SOC in primates, there are discrepancies in the descriptions of nuclear borders and even the presence of certain cell groups among studies and species. Herein, we aimed to clarify some of these issues by characterizing the SOC from chimpanzees using Nissl staining, quantitative morphometry and immunohistochemistry.