Correlation Between Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology, Cell Block Cytology, and Histopathology in the Diagnosis of Thyroid Lesions.

Context: Fine-needle aspiration cytology is considered the gold standard screening test in the evaluation of a thyroid nodule. We studied whether cell block cytology can be used in addition to conventional smears for the evaluation of tissue from fine-needle aspirations or fluid aspirations and also compared it with histopathological diagnosis.

Aims: The primary aim of this study was to know the utility of cell blocks in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions.

Evaluating morphological features for predicting microsatellite instability status in colorectal cancer.

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the commonest cancers worldwide, with incidence rates in India being around 4%. It is a heterogeneous disease with multiple established prognostic factors. Ten to fifteen percent originate from microsatellite instability (MSI) pathway, characterized by defect in mismatch repair (MMR) gene.

Evaluation of Number Density of Tumor-Associated Macrophages by Immunohistochemistry and Semiquantitative Scoring in Invasive Breast Cancer: An Indian Study.

Context: Tumor microenvironment is emerging as a critical factor for progression of breast cancer. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in promoting tumor growth.

Aim: This study was aimed at correlation of number density (ND) of TAMs with invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) grading utilizing an image morphometric technique.

Cervical Cancers: Varieties and the Lower Anogenital Squamous Terminology.

Carcinoma of cervix is classified as per the WHO classification into primary tumors which are predominantly epithelial tumors, mesenchymal tumors and tumor like lesions, mixed epithelial stromal tumors, melanocytic, germ cell, and lymphoid tumors. Secondary tumors are uncommon. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in various morphological forms needs to be separated from other epithelial tumors for treatment modality selection.

Cervical cytology: Radiation and other therapy effects.

The different treatment options for carcinoma cervix include radiation, chemotherapy, and surgical treatments. Cytological analysis of smears is crucial for patient follow-up to determine response to therapy and to diagnose the persistence or recurrence of malignancy. Anatomical alterations and changes in cell morphology following radiation or chemotherapy make collecting and interpreting cervical cytology samples difficult.

Enhancing communication skills among residents in India: An interprofessional education approach.

Background: Interprofessional education (IPE) provides opportunities to postgraduates to develop communication skills which are vital for interactions with patients, their relatives, colleagues, paramedical and nursing staff. There is a need to develop an innovative IPE based module on communication skills for postgraduates stressing upon the existing lacunae and requirements detected by a validated assessment tool. We assessed the residents' appraisal of communication skills by a validated questionnaire to identify key areas to improve their communication skills and to determine perceptions of all the stakeholders i.

The histology and histomorphometry of umbilical cord cross section in preeclampsia and normal pregnancies: a comparative study.

The umbilical cord is the connecting link between the mother and the fetus and its morphology is an indicator of fetal well-being. Preeclampsia is a disorder of pregnancy associated with new-onset hypertension, which occurs most often after 20 weeks of gestation. There are structural differences in the umbilical cord of normotensive and hypertensive pregnant women.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor of thigh with sphenoid and brain metastases: Extremely rare occurrence with dismal prognosis despite significant response to palliative chemoradiotherapy.

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is a neurogenic tumor arising from peripheral nerves or nerve sheaths. MPNSTs are highly aggressive sarcomas mainly associated with neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF-1) with high rates of local recurrence and distant metastasis carrying a dismal prognosis. Lung is the most common metastatic site.

Correlation of microvessel parameters in invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast and fibroadenomas: a morphometric study.

Modifications of microvascular configuration are essential features encountered during the progression of breast tumors. Our objectives were to correlate morphometrically evaluated microvessel parameters (microvessel density [MVD], microvessel caliber [VC], microvessel cross-sectional area [VCSA], percentage of total VCSA [%TVCSA], and total microvessel boundary density [TVBD]) with histologic grades of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast and benign breast lesions. Sixty cases of IDC presented with modified radical mastectomy, and 20 benign breast fibroadenomas were evaluated for various microvessel parameters, using CD34-immunostained histologic sections by computerized image morphometry.