Metabolic control level and glucose variability in adolescents with type 1 diabetes during low and high-intensity exercise.

Objective: The main purpose of this study was to characterize the determinants of metabolic changes in young type 1 diabetes (T1DM) and to determine glycemic variability during low and high-intensity exercise.

Patients And Methods: 20 young male T1DM patients were divided into two subgroups characterized by levels of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c): HbA1c<7.3% (better HbA1c subgroup, n=10) and with levels HbA1c>7.

Effects of 8-Week Online, Supervised High-Intensity Interval Training on the Parameters Related to the Anaerobic Threshold, Body Weight, and Body Composition during Pregnancy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

We aimed to assess the effects of an 8-week, online high-intensity interval training (HIIT) program on the parameters related to the anaerobic threshold (AT), body weight, and body composition in pregnant women. A total of 69 Caucasian women with an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy (age: 31 ± 4 years; gestational age: 22 ± 5 weeks; mean ± standard deviation) were randomly allocated to either an 8-week HIIT program (HIIT group) or to a comparative 8-week educational program (EDU group). Our most important finding was that even with the 8-week progression of pregnancy and physiological weight gain, the HIIT group maintained the same level of parameters related to AT: volume of oxygen at the AT (VO2/AT), percentage of maximal oxygen uptake at the AT (%VO2max/AT), and heart rate at the AT (HR/AT).

Performance improvement in sport through vitamin D - a narrative review.

Objective: It is well known that vitamin D deficiency can lead to various health problems. However, it is not common knowledge among athletes and doctors that vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in sports. This deficiency can severely impact performance, while vitamin D supplementation can alleviate this effect and potentially improve performance.

Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Interleukin 6 and C-Reactive Protein Profile in Athletes.

Vitamin D3 has a preventive, anti-inflammatory effect. However, there are still few studies linking the effects of athlete training to vitamin D3 supplementation and the immune response. The study evaluated the impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on interleukin 6 (IL-6) release during physical exercise in relation to C-reactive protein (CRP) levels in healthy male athletes.

Changes of physical match performance after the COVID-19 lockdown in professional soccer players according to their playing position.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the pandemic lockdown, which included training cessation and home-based training, on physical performance in professional soccer players from the Polish Ekstraklasa according to their playing position. The research was based on 3137 players' individual match performance observations during the 2019/2020 season divided into before (26 matchdays) and after (11 matchdays) lockdown periods. The data were collected using the computerised multiple-camera optical tracking system TRACAB (ChryronHego VID, New York, NY) with a sampling frequency of 25 Hz.

Effect of physical training on parathyroid hormone and bone turnover marker profile in relation to vitamin D supplementation in soccer players.

The aim of the study was to assess the impact of vitamin D supplementation and regular physical activity on 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone turnover marker concentrations in healthy male athletes. Twenty-five youth soccer players were divided into groups: non-supplemented (GN) and supplemented (GS) with a vitamin D dose of 20 000 IU twice a week for 8 weeks. The study was conducted during an 8-week preseason period, from mid-January to mid-March.

Correlation between the Positive Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation and Physical Performance in Young Male Soccer Players.

The aim of this study was to determine whether supplementation with vitamin D during eight weeks of high-intensity training influences muscle power and aerobic performance in young soccer players. A total of 25 athletes were divided into two groups: the supplemented group (GS; = 12; vitamin D 20,000 IU, twice a week) and the non-supplemented group (GN; = 13). A set of measurements, including sprint tests, explosive power test, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), and serum 25(OH)D concentration, were obtained before (T1) and after (T2) the intervention.

The Influence of COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown on the Physical Performance of Professional Soccer Players: An Example of German and Polish Leagues.

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the in-season pandemic lockdown influenced physical match performance in professional soccer players who participated in the competition of German Bundesliga and Polish Ekstraklasa. The data from 306 games for German Bundesliga and 296 games for Polish Ekstraklasa were divided into before- and after-lockdown periods. The physical performance of German Bundesliga teams after the 63-day COVID-19 lockdown did not differ significantly from that in the first part of the season.

Gender differences in the association between physical activity and obesity in adults with vision and hearing losses.

Background: Physical inactivity is strongly associated with obesity, which in turn is a major risk factor for many non-communicable diseases. We examined associations between physical inactivity and obesity in Spanish adults with vision and hearing difficulties and explored differences between men and women.

Methods: Data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 were analyzed [n = 23 089 adults (15-103 years, mean age 53.

Vitamin D and Stress Fractures in Sport: Preventive and Therapeutic Measures-A Narrative Review.

There are numerous risk factors for stress fractures that have been identified in literature. Among different risk factors, a prolonged lack of vitamin D (25(OH)D) can lead to stress fractures in athletes since 25(OH)D insufficiency is associated with an increased incidence of a fracture. A 25(OH)D value of <75.

Assessment of the diet of male adolescents suffering from type 1 diabetes.

Introduction: Currently, 5-10% of diabetes patients are teenagers. During this period the influence of peers and observation of their eating habits plays a significant role. Unfortunately, they differ from the principles of proper nutrition, which according to the PTD Diabetes Poland should be introduced as an element of proper metabolic compensation.

[Vitamin D Deficiency in Sports].

Vitamin D Deficiency in Sports A deficiency in vitamin D is very common in the general population as well as in athletes. The aim of this overview is to assess the level of knowledge about the importance of vitamin D for athletes. A deficiency in vitamin D is present in up to 90 % of athletes.

Responses to Low- and High-Intensity Exercise in Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes in Relation to Their Level of VO Max.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of maximal oxygen uptake (VO max) on the glycemic changes during low and high intensity exercises in young type 1 diabetic patients. Twenty boys (age: 14.3 ± 1.

Relationships between Training Loads and Selected Blood Parameters in Professional Soccer Players during a 12-Day Sports Camp.

The main purpose of this study is to assess the relations between training loads and selected blood parameters in professional soccer players during a preseason sports camp. Fifteen professional soccer players (age: 24.3 ± 5.

Comparison of physical activity levels in Spanish adults with chronic conditions before and during COVID-19 quarantine.

Background: This is the first study analyzing levels of physical activity in a sample of quarantined adults with chronic conditions. The aim of this study was to compare moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activity levels in Spanish adults with chronic conditions before and during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quarantine.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey was administered during the COVID-19 quarantine in Spain.

Comparison of physical activity levels in Spanish people with diabetes with and without cataracts.

Background: The objective was to compare levels of physical activity (PA) in a large sample of Spanish people with diabetes with and without cataracts. To our knowledge, this is the first study comparing PA levels in people with diabetes with and without cataracts in a large representative sample.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 were analyzed (n = 1014 people with diabetes; 43.

The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Hepcidin, Iron, and IL-6 Responses after a 100 km Ultra-Marathon.

Deficiencies in iron and vitamin D are frequently observed in athletes. Therefore, we examined whether different baseline vitamin D levels have any impact on post-exercise serum hepcidin, IL-6 and iron responses in ultra-marathon runners. In this randomized control trial, the subjects (20 male, amateur runners, mean age 40.

The Association Between Physical Activity and Cataracts Among 17,777 People Aged 15-69 Years Residing in Spain.

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to assess the association between levels of physical activity (PA) and the presence of cataracts in people aged 15-69 years residing in Spain.

Methods: Cross-sectional data from the Spanish National Health Survey 2017 were analysed (n = 17,777 ≥ 15 years; 52% females; self-weighting sample). The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) short form was used to measure PA.

Acute Responses to Low and High Intensity Exercise in Type 1 Diabetic Adolescents in Relation to Their Level of Serum 25(OH)D.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in glycaemic reaction in response to various physical activities in 20 young boys (14.4 ± 1.6 years) with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and with either vitamin D deficiency or with suboptimal levels of vitamin D.

Prenatal high-low impact exercise program supported by pelvic floor muscle education and training decreases the life impact of postnatal urinary incontinence: A quasiexperimental trial.

Background: Pregnancy and high impact exercise may cause postnatal urinary incontinence. We aimed to evaluate the life impact of postnatal urinary incontinence in women attending prenatal, high-low impact exercise program, supported by pelvic floor muscle education and training, in comparison to controls.

Methods: It was a quasiexperimental trial among 260 postpartum Caucasian women (age 29 ± 4 years; mean ± standard deviation).

Relationships between the Expression of the 3 Gene and Explosive Power of Soccer Players.

Muscle strength and maximal speed are factors determining athlete's results during competition. Their association with ACTN3 gene activity has been documented. The purpose of this study was the analysis of ACTN3 gene expression during a 2 month training cycle of soccer players and its correlation with the countermovement jump (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ).

Correlations between body composition, aerobic capacity, speed and distance covered among professional soccer players during official matches.

Background: The importance of sprinting and high-speed running activities during a soccer match is indisputable. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the relations between the players' speed, aerobic capacity, body composition and distance covered in different speed zones during official soccer matches and to compare the match performance variables according to playing position.

Methods: Twenty-three professional soccer players (age: 27.

Acute Postexercise Change in Circulating Irisin Is Related to More Favorable Lipid Profile in Pregnant Women Attending a Structured Exercise Program and to Less Favorable Lipid Profile in Controls: An Experimental Study with Two Groups.

Introduction: The blood irisin concentrations may be affected both by exercise and pregnancy. We aimed to determine acute responses in serum irisin after a single exercise session and relationships between exercise-induced changes in this hormone and lipid profile in pregnancy.

Material And Methods: It was an experimental study in 20 Caucasian women in normal pregnancy (age 30 ± 3 years, 28 ± 6 weeks of gestation; mean ± SD).

Body Composition, Physical Fitness, Physical Activity and Nutrition in Polish and Spanish Male Students of Sports Sciences: Differences and Correlations.

It is important to study differences in body composition, physical fitness and lifestyle behaviours between university students from different countries to develop country-specific recommendations on health promotion to provide to students when transitioning to university. The present study aimed to analyse differences in body composition, physical fitness and lifestyle behaviours between Polish and Spanish students of Sports Sciences. One-hundred-and-eighty-six male students participated (81 from Poland and 105 from Spain).