FGF21 Is Released During Increased Lipogenesis State Following Rapid-Onset Radioiodine-Induced Hypothyroidism.

Background: FGF21 pharmacological treatment reverses fatty liver and lowers serum triglyceride concentration but FGF21 serum level is increased in hepatic steatosis. FGF21 secretion is induced by thyroid hormones .

Purpose: To determine the influence of thyroid hormones and metabolic changes secondary to thyroid dysfunction on FGF21 secretion in humans.

Orbital decompression for thyroid eye disease: surgical treatment outcomes in endocrinological assessment.

Introduction: Surgical orbital decompression involves removal of one or more of the orbital bony walls in order to gain space for overgrown muscles and adipose tissue, which results in a reduction in pressure on the eye. This observational study aims to perform an endocrinological assessment of the surgical treatment outcomes of thyroid eye disease (TED) patients before and after orbital decompression.

Material And Methods: This retrospective study included 51 TED patients (84 orbits) who underwent endoscopic orbital decompression (EOD) or balanced orbital decompression.

Iodine supplementation during pregnancy of hypothyroid women treated with L-thyroxine neither influences neonatal TSH nor prevents decrease in maternal free thyroid hormone concentrations in second and third trimesters.

Introduction: Pregnant women require about 250 μg of iodine daily. Hypothyroid women treated with L-thyroxine do not utilise iodine, and metabolism of L-thyroxine tablets is an additional source of iodine for their foetuses. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of iodine supplementation in hypothyroid pregnant women treated with L-thyroxine on neonate TSH concentration and maternal thyroid parameters.

Gestational diabetes insipidus. Case Report.

Gestational diabetes insipidus is a very rare complication. However, undiagnosed and untreated may lead to serious complications in both mother and fetus. In this study, a case of 34-year-old female patient with diabetes insipidus associated with pregnancy was reported.

Increased size and vascularisation, plus decreased echogenicity, of foetal thyroid in two-dimensional ultrasonography caused by maternal Graves' disease.

Foetal ultrasonography monitoring is a valuable tool in assessing foetal thyroid function when pregnancy is complicated by maternal Graves' disease with accompanying high levels of TSH receptor antibodies, or when antithyroid drug therapy is instituted. Among several ultrasonographic signs of foetal thyroid disorder such as abnormalities in bone maturation and heart rhythm, cardiac failure, hydrops, intrauterine growth restriction and polyhydramnios, goitre is the most sensitive one. Here we report three cases of pregnant women with Graves' disease accompanied by very high serum levels of TSH receptor antibodies.

[Management of thyroid diseases during pregnancy].

The management of thyroid disorders during pregnancy is one of the most frequently disputed problems in modern endocrinology. It is widely known that thyroid dysfunction may result in subfertility, and, if inadequately treated during pregnancy, may cause obstetrical complications and influence fetal development. The 2007 Endocrine Society Practice Guideline endorsed with the participation of the Latino America Thyroid Association, the American Thyroid Association, the Asia and Oceania Thyroid Association and the European Thyroid Association, greatly contributed towards uniformity of the management of thyroid disorders during pregnancy and postpartum.

Iodine status of pregnant women from central Poland ten years after introduction of iodine prophylaxis programme.

Introduction: Until 1997, Poland was one of the European countries suffering from mild/moderate iodine deficiency. In 1997, a national iodine prophylaxis programme was implemented based on mandatory iodisation of household salt with 30 ± 10 mg KI/kg salt, obligatory iodisation of neonatal formula with 10 μg KI/100 mL and voluntary supplementation of pregnant and breast-feeding women with additional 100-150 μg of iodine. Our aim in this study was to evaluate the iodine status of pregnant women ten years after iodine prophylaxis was introduced.

[Thyrotropin reference range--should it be changed?].

Current thyrotropin (TSH) reference range established by sensitive assays is from 0.2-0.4 mj.

[Pregnancy in women with thyroid cancer treated with suppressive doses of L-thyroxine].

Unlabelled: The aim of the study was to estimate the dose of thyroxine required by pregnant women who had undergone total thyreoidectomy and radioiodine treatment for thyroid cancer. Material consisted of 4 pregnant women, aged mean 30.8 years.

[Hormonal replacement therapy in women after surgery for thyroid cancer treated with suppressive doses of L-thyroxine].

Total thyroidectomy followed by 131I ablation and thyroxine suppressive therapy is recommended for the treatment of differentiated thyroid carcinomas. Thyroxine should be given at a dose sufficient to suppress TSH to low or undetectable levels. These patients are categorized as subclinical hyperthyroidism subjects.

[Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma developed after treatment of "hot" thyroid nodule with radioiodine].

A case of 55 years old woman with "hot" right lobe toxic thyroid nodule, presenting with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, and therefore treated with 131I 666MBq (18 mCi) is described. After six years she became pyrexic and suffered of severe cough proxyisms. The fine needle biopsy of the above nodule showed the presence of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.

[Results of 3-stage treatment: (I) corticotherapy, (II) linear acceleration and (III) orbital decompression in 206 patients with malignant Graves ophthalmopathy].

There is no, so far, a rational method of therapy based upon the etiology of autoimmune Graves' ophthalmopathy. As a malignant Graves' ophthalmopathy we defined the most severe eye changes leading to the sight loss or permanent disability of vision which are classified as exceeded class 3c according to the eye changes classification of the American Thyroid Association [27]. The aim of the study was to develop the most efficacious method of therapy for malignant Graves' ophthalmopathy.

[Ocular hypertension in patients with infiltrative-edematous exophthalmos in Graves' disease].

The increase of the IOP--5 to 30 mm Hg--was observed in patients in whom severe infiltrative changes in the motor muscles dominated the clinical picture. Characteristic for glaucoma changes of the visual field and optic papilla were not seen, the angle was open and the outflow coefficient was in normal limits. The normalization of the IOP was obtained after decompensation of the orbits when the exophthalmos and the infiltrative changes in the motor muscles of the eye receded.

[Intraocular pressure in patients with infiltrative-edematous exophthalmos in Graves' disease treated with prednisone].

Hydrodynamics of the eyes was evaluated in 29 patients in the period of one to one and a half years after completion of prednisone therapy. Open angle glaucoma was observed in 2 patients, in 3--only a raised intraocular pressure (21-25 mm Hg) in the period of exacerbation of the infiltrative changes in the tissues of the orbit.