[El consentimiento informado: recomendaciones para su documentación].

Informed consent is an indispensable element to obtain adequate patient participation either in research protocols or in therapeutic design. The Committee of Ethics and Transparency in the Physician-Industry Relationship (CETREMI) of the National Academy of Medicine developed several recommendations for informed consent to be documented.

Potential drug-drug interactions and their risk factors in pediatric patients admitted to the emergency department of a tertiary care hospital in Mexico.

Background: Drug-drug interactions (DDIs) detected in a patient may not be clinically apparent (potential DDIs), and when they occur, they produce adverse drug reactions (ADRs), toxicity or loss of treatment efficacy. In pediatrics, there are only few publications assessing potential DDIs and their risk factors. There are no studies in children admitted to emergency departments (ED).

[Transition from Millennium Development Goals to Sustainable Development Goals from the perspective of the social determinants of health and health equity].

The United Nations Declaration of 2000 agreed on eight millennium development goals (MDGs) to be met in 2015. The results show that poverty continues through population growth and advances in both rich and poor countries are threatened by economic crises and inequities in geographic areas and population groups within countries. In a globalized world with great social and economic inequalities, from the perspective of the social determinants of health (SDH), the relevance of the new 17 sustainable development goals (SDGs) is greater.

[Congenital macroglossia: clinical features and therapeutic strategies in paediatric patients].

Congenital macroglossia is a condition that consists in an enlarged tongue that in resting position protrudes beyond the alveolar ridge. It has been classified in two categories: true macroglossia, which occurs in congenital or acquired forms, and relative macroglossia. As this alteration may be due to different causes, its incidence is not known.

A comprehensive intervention for adverse drug reactions identification and reporting in a Pediatric Emergency Department.

Background: Physicians identify from 45.7 to 96.2 % of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) in their patients, with under-reporting ranging from 6 to 100 %.

[Do pediatricians identify adverse drug reactions even when they do not report them?].

Introduction: Spontaneous notification depends on the ability of pediatricians to identify adverse drug reactions (ADRs) along with their habit of reporting these incidents. During the years 2008 and 2009, the frequency of reports of ADRs to the Electronic Program of Pharmacovigilance (SISFAR) in the Hospital Infantil of Mexico Federico Gomez (HIMFG) was low (0.44% and 0.

[Evaluation of the quality of care of transient tachypnea in newborns affiliated with the Medical Insurance Siglo XXI program].

Background: Evaluation of the quality of care of the newborn with complications is an indispensable element for the improvement of strategies directed to reduce newborn mortality rates. The aim of this work was to evaluate the quality of technical and interpersonal care in the management of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN) of patients affiliated with the program "Medical Insurance Siglo XXI".

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 61 hospitals affiliated with the Health Ministry with at least two cases of TTN during the first semester of 2011.

Recommendations to improve healthcare of neonates with respiratory insufficiency beneficiaries of Seguro Popular.

Objective: To evaluate the structure and processes of care of neonatal intensive care units (NICU) providing health care to neonates with respiratory insufficiency, and financed by Seguro Popular.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional design was used; 21 NICU were included. Information was collected from four sources: Seguro Popular database, self-applicable interviews to medical staff, structure and processes format, and reviews of clinical charts.

The use of the tracer methodology to assess the quality of care for patients enrolled in Medical Insurance for a New Generation.

Objective: To assess the quality of care provided at medical units that provide services to Medical Insurance for a New Generation (SMNG) enrollees.

Materials And Methods: The tracer methodology was used in a sample of 82 medical units selected in fifteen states of Mexico and data collected in November 2009.

Results: Problems were found to locate the minimal number of the 18 medical charts requested in three of the tracers.

Quality of health care of the medical units that provide services for Medical Insurance for a New Generation enrollees.

Objective: In this evaluation we assess the quality of the general and clinical structure in medical units that deliver health services for the Medical Insurance for a New Generation (SMNG) enrollees.

Materials And Methods: The study population included 82 medical units that deliver health services to enrollees of the SMNG in 15 states of Mexico, during 2009. Two indexes: the general structure index and the clinical structure index were created.

Design of the 2009 evaluation of the Medical Insurance for a New Generation program.

Objective: To describe the mixed-method approach to evaluate the Medical Insurance for a New Generation (Seguro Médico para una Nueva Generación, SMNG).

Materials And Methods: The program has been comprehensively evaluated. It has four key domains: 1) SMNG design; 2) children's health status and socio-demographic characteristics; 3) performance by measuring coverage, efficiency and productivity; 4) family health expenditure.

[Comparative profile of medications at the "Hospital Infantil de México" and the "Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social"].

Background: Compare the distribution of medications according to therapeutic groups (TGs) as a function of codes, cost, price weighted index (PWI) and volume between the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, a conglomerate of hospitals and family medicine clinics and the Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez" a tertiary care referral pediatric hospital.

Methods: Medications were classified by TGs according to drug code, purchase cost, PWI, and volumes purchased.

Results: TGs showed similar profiles according to cost of purchase, volume and code numbers, not according to PWI.

[Pharmacovigilance IV. The institutional experience].

The main purpose of this fourth paper of the pharmacovigilance series proposes to communicate the institutional experience during the year 2003 represented by 890 adverse drug reaction reports (ADRs) and to compare these with the international experience. The therapeutic drug classes more frequently included in these reports were antibiotic and antiparasitic drugs (38.2%) followed by oncologic (17.

[Pharmacosurveillance III: international experience].

This article, the third of the series called pharmacovigilance, deals with international experience with adverse drug reactions. It highlights the countries with the greatest cumulative number of reports and how their position changes with the use of the country-adjusted number of reports by million of inhabitants/year. It includes, in decreasing order, the number of reports of twenty therapeutic drug classes.

Live varicella vaccine in both immunocompromised and healthy children.

Background: There is no information on the use of live varicella vaccine in Mexican children. Our objective was to evaluate antibody response and safety of the live varicella vaccine in both healthy and immunocompromised Mexican children.

Methods: One hundred children with no history of varicella/zoster were vaccinated with a live attenuated varicella vaccine.

[The system of evaluating the specialty of pediatrics in the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social].

A system of evaluation applied to pediatric residents at the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) is presented. Historical precedents; deficiencies and modifications of the system are commented. Also institutional system of evaluation is described, with emphasis in education strategies: teaching-attendance-research.

[Liaison psychiatry at a neonatal intensive care unit. Interphase between psychiatry of the infant and neonatology].

A description is made of the situation of neonates and their families during hospitalization in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Emphasis is made on the stressful situations faced by the infants, the families and the caregivers as well as on potential interventions to ameliorate their negative impact and to promote a favorable outcome. With the infants, the situation is one of overwhelming aversive stimulation, noncontingent responses and painful procedures, coupled with deprivation of normative experiences, propiciated by their illness and the structure of the unit.

[The Mortality Committee: a hospital need].

Mortality Committees are multidisciplinary teams whose function is to analyze preventable causes of death in order to decrease the death rate, to contribute to the education of medical and paramedical staff and also to advise the hospital authorities in medical and administrative decision-making. In this paper we discuss the activities of the Mortality Committee of the Hospital de Pediatria from May 1989 to May 1991. The review comprised 202 death cases occurred during this period, and was carried out by the medical personnel involved in attending those cases while alive.

[The degree of agreement of the clinical and the histopathological diagnoses in a tertiary medical care pediatric hospital].

In Pediatric Hospital, from the National Medical Center, of the Mexican Institute of Social Security were analyzed 96 histological pieces: 59 biopsies, 21 surgical material and 16 slides. There were showed the agreement rate between clinical diagnosis and the end histopathological report from the Pathology Department. The higher correlation rate were with biopsies (83%) and surgical material (81%) and the lowest rate were with slides samples (69%).

[The transfusion of blood and its derivatives in the neonate].

Blood and its products are valuable therapeutic resources for the pediatrician who care for newborns with severe illnesses. The use of blood and its products requires for the hospital personnel working at neonatal care units to be precise and up to date on the indications and complications of total blood, the globular package, albumin, plasma, the concentration of granulocytes, platelets and immunoglobulins for intravenous use. This review gathers, on the one hand, accumulated experiences by the members of the Commission of Blood and its Products from the Pediatric Hospital of the National Medical Center and on the other hand, a selection of the more important concepts which have been judged so by the authors and expressed in the current medical literature.