Practitioner Review: Assessment and treatment of body dysmorphic disorder in young people.

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a relatively common and highly impairing mental disorder that is strikingly underdiagnosed and undertreated in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS). The only clinical guidelines for the management of BDD in youth were published nearly 20 years ago, when empirical knowledge was sparse. Fortunately, there has been a surge in research into BDD over the last 10 years, shedding important insights into the phenomenology, epidemiology, assessment and treatment of the disorder in young people.

Psychometric evaluation of the appearance anxiety inventory in adolescents with body dysmorphic disorder.

The Appearance Anxiety Inventory (AAI) is a self-report measure assessing the typical cognitions and behaviours of body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Despite its use in research and clinical settings, its psychometric properties have not been evaluated in young people with BDD. We examined the factor structure, reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of the AAI in 182 youths with BDD (82.

Therapist-guided, Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for adolescents with body dysmorphic disorder: A feasibility trial with long-term follow-up.

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a prevalent and impairing psychiatric condition that typically debuts in adolescence and is associated with risky behaviours. The disorder can be effectively treated with cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). However, CBT for BDD is seldom available primarily due to a shortage of trained therapists.

The association between social media use and body dysmorphic symptoms in young people.

Introduction: Social media use (SMU) is highly prevalent amongst young people and previous research suggests an association with mental health problems, including poor body image. However, the potential relationship between SMU and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) has received little attention. Furthermore, little is known about the factors that moderate the potential association between SMU and body dysmorphic symptoms.

Exploring the experiences and responses of siblings living with a brother or sister with obsessive compulsive disorder.

Objectives: The impact of having a child with diagnosed obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can reportedly cause significant disruption to caregiver routines and negatively affect their mental health. Less is known about the impact to other first-degree relatives such as siblings due to limited research. It should not be assumed that findings in the caregiver literature can simply be applied to siblings.

Multifamily therapy for young people with OCD: An acceptability and satisfaction study.

Individual cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is the recommended first-line psychological treatment for young people with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with good outcomes. However, because some young people only partially respond to CBT, it is necessary to improve treatment outcomes. This is the first study to explore the acceptability and satisfaction of a new multifamily therapy (MFT).

Body Dysmorphic Disorder.

This article summarizes current knowledge of body dysmorphic disorder across the life span. An overview of the epidemiology and phenomenology of this condition is provided, as well as clinical perspectives on assessment and treatment. Barriers to accessing treatment are considered, along with recent developments to improve access.

Effectiveness of Multimodal Treatment for Young People With Body Dysmorphic Disorder in Two Specialist Clinics.

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) typically originates in adolescence and is associated with considerable adversity. Evidence-based treatments exist but research on clinical outcomes in naturalistic settings is extremely scarce. We evaluated the short- and long-term outcomes of a large cohort of adolescents with BDD receiving specialist multimodal treatment and examined predictors of symptom improvement.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder for Adolescents (BDD-YBOCS-A).

The Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale Modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder for Adolescents (BDD-YBOCS-A) is a clinician-rated measure of BDD symptom severity in youth. Despite widespread use in both research and clinical practice, its psychometric properties have not been formally evaluated. The current study examined the factor structure, reliability, validity, and sensitivity to change of the BDD-YBOCS-A in 251 youths with BDD attending two specialist clinics.

Complete Traumatic Luxation of the Eyeball.

Purpose: To report the computed tomography features of a case with complete luxation of the globe after a road traffic accident.

Case Report: A 35-year-old male presented with pain, loss of vision, and bleeding from the left eye 48 hr after a road traffic accident. The ophthalmic examination of the left upper and lower eyelids showed edema with subcutaneous hematoma, crepitus, and complete blepharoptosis.

Are body dysmorphic symptoms dimensional or categorical in nature? A taxometric investigation in adolescents.

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is a debilitating mental health condition which usually emerges during adolescence and is characterised by distressing and impairing appearance concerns. It is currently unclear whether body dysmorphic concerns represent an extreme manifestation of normal appearance concerns (a dimensional conceptualisation), or whether they are qualitatively distinct (a categorical conceptualisation). This study aimed to determine whether body dysmorphic symptoms are dimensional or categorical in nature by investigating the latent structure using taxometric procedures.

OCD and COVID-19: a new frontier.

Unlabelled: People with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) are likely to be more susceptible to the mental health impact of COVID-19. This paper shares the perspectives of expert clinicians working with OCD considering how to identify OCD in the context of COVID-19, changes in the presentation, and importantly what to consider when undertaking cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for OCD in the current climate. The expert consensus is that although the presentation of OCD and treatment may have become more difficult, CBT should still continue remotely unless there are specific reasons for it not to, e.

Family accommodation in pediatric body dysmorphic disorder: A qualitative study.

Family accommodation (FA) is significant in a range of disorders, yet it has never been explored in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). Interviews were conducted with five young people with BDD, five parents, and five clinicians to explore the types, impact, and purpose of FA in BDD. Every participant reported significant FA of BDD, and the types reported were broadly similar to those found in other disorders.

Is poor global processing a transdiagnostic feature of Body Dysmorphic Disorder and Anorexia Nervosa? A meta-analysis.

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and anorexia nervosa (AN) are characterised by body image disturbance. It has been suggested that poor global integration in visual processing may underlie distorted body image, but empirical studies have yielded mixed results. The current study involved two meta-analyses aimed at examining the extent to which poor global processing is evident in BDD and AN.

Modified Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Severe, Treatment Resistant Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in an Adolescent With Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Importance of Parental Involvement.

The prevalence of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is higher among young people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Case studies and randomized controlled trials show that modified cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can be effective for young people with OCD and co-morbid ASD. This case study describes modified CBT for an adolescent with severe, treatment-resistant OCD and co-morbid ASD, and highlights the importance of family accommodation and parental mental health in pediatric OCD.

Clinical characteristics of 172 children and adolescents with body dysmorphic disorder.

Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) often starts in childhood, with most cases developing symptoms before age 18. Yet, BDD research has primarily focused on adults. We report the clinical characteristics of the world's largest cohort of carefully diagnosed youths with BDD and focus on previously unexplored sex and age differences.

An Evaluation of a New Autism-Adapted Cognitive Behaviour Therapy Manual for Adolescents with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently co-occur. Standard cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for OCD outcomes are poorer in young people with ASD, compared to those without. The aim of this naturalistic study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel adolescent autism-adapted CBT manual for OCD in a specialist clinical setting.