Change in Enlarged Perivascular Spaces over Time and Associations with Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury.

Enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVs) can be seen on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans in various neurological diseases, including traumatic brain injury (TBI). EPVs have been associated with cognitive dysfunction and sleep disturbances; however, their clinical significance remains unclear. The goal of this study was to identify MRI burden of EPVs over time following TBI and to explore their relationship with postinjury outcomes.

Utility of Motor and Somatosensory Evoked Potentials for Neural Thermoprotection in Ablations of Musculoskeletal Tumors.

Purpose: To characterize the utility of monitoring transcranial electrical motor evoked potentials (TCeMEPs) and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) for neural thermoprotection during musculoskeletal tumor ablations.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective review of 29 patients (16 male; median age, 46 y; range, 7-77 y) who underwent musculoskeletal tumor radiofrequency ablation (n = 8) or cryoablation (n = 22) with intraprocedural TCeMEP and SSEP monitoring was performed. The most common tumor histologies were osteoid osteoma (n = 6), venous malformation (n = 5), sarcoma (n = 5), renal cell carcinoma (n = 4), and non-small-cell lung cancer (n = 3).

Utility of Transthoracic Echocardiography in Diagnostic Evaluation of Ischemic Stroke.

Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is routinely performed as part of standard acute ischemic stroke (AIS) workup. However, the overall yield of TTE is unclear and many patients may undergo unnecessary investigations. This study aims to investigate the utility of TTE as part of AIS workup.

Evaluation of Next-Generation Anti-CD20 Antibodies Labeled with Zr in Human Lymphoma Xenografts.

Radioimmunotherapies with monoclonal antibodies to the B-lymphocyte antigen 20 (CD20) are effective treatments for B-cell lymphomas, but U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved radioimmunotherapies exclusively use radiolabeled murine antibodies, potentially limiting redosing.

The Radiologist's Primer to Imaging the Noncuff, Nonlabral Postoperative Shoulder.

Many radiologists are familiar with the preoperative imaging assessment of patients with labral tears, rotator cuff abnormalities, and end-stage arthritis, as well as the subsequent primary reconstructions and repairs commonly encountered in routine clinical management. However, the second-line surgical procedures and augmentation procedures performed for refractory or recurrent shoulder instability and the extra-articular surgical procedures of the shoulder girdle may challenge even the most experienced musculoskeletal radiologist. Knowledge of the indications, surgical techniques, expected postoperative imaging appearance, and complications of these uncommon shoulder girdle reconstructions and repairs will aid the radiologist in both the pre- and postoperative assessment of the injured shoulder.

A Forward Genetic Screen for Molecules Involved in Pheromone-Induced Dauer Formation in Caenorhabditis elegans.

Animals must constantly assess their surroundings and integrate sensory cues to make appropriate behavioral and developmental decisions. Pheromones produced by conspecific individuals provide critical information regarding environmental conditions. Ascaroside pheromone concentration and composition are instructive in the decision of Caenorhabditis elegans to either develop into a reproductive adult or enter into the stress-resistant alternate dauer developmental stage.

Diverse cell type-specific mechanisms localize G protein-coupled receptors to Caenorhabditis elegans sensory cilia.

The localization of signaling molecules such as G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to primary cilia is essential for correct signal transduction. Detailed studies over the past decade have begun to elucidate the diverse sequences and trafficking mechanisms that sort and transport GPCRs to the ciliary compartment. However, a systematic analysis of the pathways required for ciliary targeting of multiple GPCRs in different cell types in vivo has not been reported.

STRADalpha deficiency results in aberrant mTORC1 signaling during corticogenesis in humans and mice.

Polyhydramnios, megalencephaly, and symptomatic epilepsy syndrome (PMSE) is a rare human autosomal-recessive disorder characterized by abnormal brain development, cognitive disability, and intractable epilepsy. It is caused by homozygous deletions of STE20-related kinase adaptor alpha (STRADA). The underlying pathogenic mechanisms of PMSE and the role of STRADA in cortical development remain unknown.