Molecular and spatial analysis of tertiary lymphoid structures in Sjogren's syndrome.

Tertiary lymphoid structures play important roles in autoimmune and non-autoimmune conditions. While many of the molecular mechanisms involved in tertiary lymphoid structure formation have been identified, the cellular sources and temporal and spatial relationship remain unknown. Here we use combine single-cell RNA-sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and proteomics of minor salivary glands of patients with Sjogren's disease and Sicca Syndrome, with ex-vivo functional studies to construct a cellular and spatial map of key components involved in the formation and function of tertiary lymphoid structures.

Functional analysis of fibroblasts and macrophages in head and neck paragangliomas.

Background And Aim: Head and neck paragangliomas (HNPGN) are tumours that carry significant morbidity The role of the stroma in the pathogenesis of HNPGN is not completely understood. This study explores the profile of fibroblasts and macrophages in HNPGN.

Methods: Ten patients undergoing HNPGN surgery were recruited.

A longitudinal single-cell atlas of anti-tumour necrosis factor treatment in inflammatory bowel disease.

Precision medicine in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) requires a cellular understanding of treatment response. We describe a therapeutic atlas for Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) following adalimumab, an anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) treatment. We generated ~1 million single-cell transcriptomes, organised into 109 cell states, from 216 gut biopsies (41 subjects), revealing disease-specific differences.

Type-H endothelial cell protein Clec14a orchestrates osteoblast activity during trabecular bone formation and patterning.

Type-H capillary endothelial cells control bone formation during embryogenesis and postnatal growth but few signalling mechanisms underpinning this influence have been characterised. Here, we identify a highly expressed type-H endothelial cell protein, Clec14a, and explore its role in coordinating osteoblast activity. Expression of Clec14a and its ligand, Mmrn2 are high in murine type-H endothelial cells but absent from osteoblasts.

Backed into a corner: damage control surgery in the rural or austere setting.

Damage control surgery has evolved during the past 40 years. The initial cases and studies were performed at level 1 trauma centers but has now shifted to damage control at smaller hospitals. This buys time for definitive care at higher-level centers.

Disease-modifying therapies do not affect sleep quality or daytime sleepiness in a large Australian MS cohort.

Background: Poor sleep is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and may impact daily functioning. The extent to which disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) contribute to sleep outcomes is under-examined.

Objective: To compare the effects of DMTs on sleep outcomes in an Australian cohort of people with MS and investigate associations between DMT use and beliefs about sleep problems and daily functioning (social functioning and activity engagement).

Off-the-shelf percutaneous deep vein arterialization for no-option chronic limb-threatening ischemia related to Buerger disease.

Percutaneous deep venous arterialization (pDVA) is an important technique in the pursuit of limb salvage for a certain high-risk subset of patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI) considered to have "no option" owing to the lack of tibial or pedal targets for revascularization. pDVA seeks to establish an arteriovenous connection at the level of the tibial vessels, in addition to tibial and/or pedal venoplasty, to provide a pathway for arterial perfusion via the tibial and/or plantar venous system. A commercial system for pDVA exists; however, it is not yet approved by the U.

Detecting Tweets Containing Cannabidiol-Related COVID-19 Misinformation Using Transformer Language Models and Warning Letters From Food and Drug Administration: Content Analysis and Identification.

Background: COVID-19 has introduced yet another opportunity to web-based sellers of loosely regulated substances, such as cannabidiol (CBD), to promote sales under false pretenses of curing the disease. Therefore, it has become necessary to innovate ways to identify such instances of misinformation.

Objective: We sought to identify COVID-19 misinformation as it relates to the sales or promotion of CBD and used transformer-based language models to identify tweets semantically similar to quotes taken from known instances of misinformation.

Home Range and Movement Patterns of Reintroduced White Lions () in the Kruger to Canyons Biosphere Reserve, South Africa.

White lions are a colour variant of the African lion and disappeared from the wild due to anthropogenic factors until their reintroduction to the Greater Kruger Park Region of South Africa in 2006. Natural home range behaviour is an index of reintroduction success. Therefore, the home range and movement of a pride of reintroduced white lions and a constructed pride consisting of reintroduced white lions and translocated wild tawny lionesses in small, fenced reserves was assessed.

Assessing the Social Cohesion of a Translocated Pride of White Lions Integrated with Wild Tawny Lions in South Africa, Using Social Network Analysis.

In South Africa, lions are protected in national parks and smaller fenced reserves. Translocating lions between fenced reserves, whilst necessary to maintain genetic diversity, is disruptive and can impact survivorship and pride cohesion. Critical to translocation success is pride cohesion.

Poor sleep and multiple sclerosis: associations with symptoms of multiple sclerosis and quality of life.

Background: Sleep difficulties are common in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), but whether associations between poor sleep quality and quality of life are independent of MS symptoms, obesity and other MS-related factors remains unclear.

Methods: Cross-sectional analyses of data from the Australian MS Longitudinal Study (n=1717). Sleep was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group Rating Scale; health-related quality of life using the Assessment of Quality-of-Life 8-D.

The Impact of Scarcity on Consumers' Impulse Buying Based on the S-O-R Theory.

Purpose: The global COVID-19 pandemic impacted the healthcare systems of every nation. The scarcity of medical protective equipment led to impulse buying at the early stages of the COVID-19 outbreak in China which resulted in stockpiling and the increase of prices by retailers and insufficiencies among frontline workers. This situation impacted epidemic control work and market order and is the context from which this paper identifies how the scarcity of medical protective equipment affected Chinese consumers' impulse buying based on the theories of S-O-R model and bandwagon effect.

Optimal conduit choice for open lower extremity bypass in chronic limb-threatening ischemia.

Open bypass surgery remains a major tool for limb salvage in chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Although rest pain and tissue loss both fall into the category of CLTI, goals of revascularization are markedly different for each context. Rest pain mandates long-term patency considerations.

Cross-tissue, single-cell stromal atlas identifies shared pathological fibroblast phenotypes in four chronic inflammatory diseases.

Background: Pro-inflammatory fibroblasts are critical for pathogenesis in rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, interstitial lung disease, and Sjögren's syndrome and represent a novel therapeutic target for chronic inflammatory disease. However, the heterogeneity of fibroblast phenotypes, exacerbated by the lack of a common cross-tissue taxonomy, has limited our understanding of which pathways are shared by multiple diseases.

Methods: We profiled fibroblasts derived from inflamed and non-inflamed synovium, intestine, lungs, and salivary glands from affected individuals with single-cell RNA sequencing.

Sjögren's and non-Sjögren's sicca share a similar symptom burden but with a distinct symptom-associated proteomic signature.

Objectives: Given the similarity in symptoms between primary Sjogren's syndrome (SjS) and non-SjS sicca syndrome (sicca), we sought to characterise clinical and proteomic predictors of symptoms in both groups in order to better understand disease mechanisms and help guide development of immunomodulatory treatments. These have not, to date, unequivocally improved symptoms in SjS clinical trials.

Methods: Serum proteomics was performed using O-link inflammation and cardiovascular II panels.

Infodemiological Examination of Personal and Commercial Tweets About Cannabidiol: Term and Sentiment Analysis.

Background: In the absence of official clinical trial information, data from social networks can be used by public health and medical researchers to assess public claims about loosely regulated substances such as cannabidiol (CBD). For example, this can be achieved by comparing the medical conditions targeted by those selling CBD against the medical conditions patients commonly treat with CBD.

Objective: The objective of this study was to provide a framework for public health and medical researchers to use for identifying and analyzing the consumption and marketing of unregulated substances.

Nucleated red blood cells as a biomarker for mortality in infants and neonates requiring veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for cardiac disease.

Introduction: Nucleated red blood cells (NRBC) are rare in the peripheral circulation of healthy individuals and their presence have been associated with mortality in adults and very low birth weight newborns, however, its value as a biomarker for mortality in infants requiring veno-arterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has yet to be studied. We sought to determine if NRBC can serve as a biomarker for ECMO mortality and inpatient mortality in infants requiring V-A ECMO.

Methods: A single-center retrospective chart review analyzing infants <1 year of age requiring VA ECMO due to myocardial dysfunction or post-cardiotomy between January 1, 2011 to June 30, 2020.

Innate immunity impacts social-cognitive functioning in people with multiple sclerosis and healthy individuals: Implications for IL-1ra and urinary immune markers.

Social-cognitive difficulties can negatively impact interpersonal communication, shared social experience, and meaningful relationships. This pilot investigation examined the relationship between social-cognitive functioning and inflammatory markers in people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and demographically-matched healthy individuals. Additionally, we compared the immune marker profile in serum and urine-matched samples.

Nucleated red blood cells as a biomarker for mortality in neonates following cardiac surgery.

Introduction: Nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) are immature red cells that under normal conditions are not present in the peripheral circulation. Several studies have suggested an association between elevated NRBC and poor outcome in critically ill adults and neonates. We sought to determine if elevations in NRBC value following cardiac surgery and following clinical events during the hospital stay can be used as a biomarker to monitor for mortality risk in neonates post-cardiac surgery.

Contemporary Outcomes After Partial Resection of Infected Aortic Grafts.

Introduction: Aortic graft infection remains a considerable clinical challenge, and it is unclear which variables are associated with adverse outcomes among patients undergoing partial resection.

Methods: A retrospective, multi-institutional study of patients who underwent partial resection of infected aortic grafts from 2002 to 2014 was performed using a standard database. Baseline demographics, comorbidities, operative, and postoperative variables were recorded.

Occlusive Pulmonary Artery Thrombosis in a Healthy Neonate With No Identifiable Risk Factors.

Pulmonary artery thrombosis is reported in neonates with risk factors for hypercoagulability. No consensus exists regarding standard therapy for this condition. We present a neonate, with no risk factors for thrombosis, who was admitted after birth to the Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care Unit with an occlusive left pulmonary artery thrombus.