Contrast Enhanced CISS/FIESTA Imaging for Increased Conspicuity of Pituitary Microadenomas in Cushing Disease.

Background And Purpose: Pituitary microadenomas can be challenging to see on MRI, particularly when they are small. The detection of microadenomas commonly relies on contrast-enhanced sequences, highlighting the adenoma that demonstrates hypoenhancement relative to the native pituitary on T1-weighted sequences. Detecting adenomas in patients with Cushing disease is crucial, as surgery is the standard of care treatment.

Contrast Media in Pregnant and Lactating Patients, From the Special Series on Contrast Media.

IV contrast media improve the diagnostic power of radiology examinations. These media include gadolinium-based contrast media and iron-oxide nanoparticles for MRI, iodinated contrast material for CT, microbubbles for ultrasound, and radiopharmaceuticals for nuclear medicine. As for all medications, contrast media carry risks, which may be heightened in the conditions of pregnancy and lactation.

Detection and Mitigation of Neurovascular Uncoupling in Brain Gliomas.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) with blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) technique is useful for preoperative mapping of brain functional networks in tumor patients, providing reliable in vivo detection of eloquent cortex to help reduce the risk of postsurgical morbidity. BOLD task-based fMRI (tb-fMRI) is the most often used noninvasive method that can reliably map cortical networks, including those associated with sensorimotor, language, and visual functions. BOLD resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) is emerging as a promising ancillary tool for visualization of diverse functional networks.

Pituitary volume changes in pregnancy and the post-partum period.

Purpose: Imaging changes in the pituitary volume during pregnancy remains scantly researched. This study set out to assess the differences in total, anterior, and posterior pituitary volume in pregnant women compared to nulliparous and post-partum women.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review was completed of women that had undergone MRI imaging of the brain.

Treatment outcome of metastasis to the pituitary gland: a case series of 21 patients with pathological diagnosis.

Objective: The aim of this study was to report the treatment course of histologically confirmed metastases to the pituitary gland (pituitary metastasis).

Methods: The Mayo data explorer was used to find patients with pituitary metastasis. Twenty-one patients were identified between the years 2001 and 2021, and their data were retrospectively collected.

A Neonate With a Rash.

A full-term female was admitted at 3 days of life with a worsening rash since birth, concerning for infection. She developed clinical seizures and was transferred to our facility. She was admitted to the pediatric hospital medicine service and diagnostic workup was expanded with several specialists consulted.

Contemporary Treatment Outcome of Metastases to the Pituitary Gland.

Objective: Metastasis to the pituitary gland is uncommon. With life expectancy after cancer diagnosis improving, we sought to understand the effects of treating pituitary metastasis in the modern era of advanced cancer treatment.

Methods: Patients who had been diagnosed with, and treated for, pituitary metastasis from 2000 to 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.

Unrecognized notochordal lesions as a likely cause of idiopathic clival cerebrospinal fluid leaks.

Objective: To examine an association between idiopathic transclival cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak and notochordal lesions.

Methods: This study consisted of the illustrations of institutional patients who underwent surgery for transclival CSF leak between January 1, 2009 and April 25, 2020 and comprehensive review of the existing literature conducted on April 25, 2020. The cases were classified based on the presumed etiologies that were originally proposed in the articles ("idiopathic" vs.

Pituitary Tumor Surgery: Comparison of Endoscopic and Microscopic Techniques at a Single Center.

Objective: To understand the transition from microscopic surgery (MS) to endoscopic surgery (ES) on the pituitary across the United States, we assessed a single institution practicing both procedures to discern advantages and disadvantages for each.

Patients And Methods: Retrospective institutional chart review of 534 patients in a large practice over a 6-year period (January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2019) comparing a single MS neurosurgeon with a single ES neurosurgeon operating on the same days.

Results: In this series, 14% (n=75) of patients had a prior operation, there were no carotid artery injuries, the overall risk for a postoperative infection was 0.

e-ASPECTS software improves interobserver agreement and accuracy of interpretation of aspects score.

Introduction: There is increased interest in the use of artificial intelligence-based (AI) software packages in the evaluation of neuroimaging studies for acute ischemic stroke. We studied whether, compared to standard image interpretation without AI, Brainomix e-ASPECTS software improved interobserver agreement and accuracy in detecting ASPECTS regions affected in anterior circulation LVO.

Methods: We included 60 consecutive patients with anterior circulation LVO who had TICI 3 revascularization within 60 minutes of their baseline CT.

A Comprehensive Study of Spindle Cell Oncocytoma of the Pituitary Gland: Series of 6 Cases and Meta-Analysis of 85 Cases.

Objective: To discuss optimal treatment strategy for spindle cell oncocytoma (SCO) of the pituitary gland.

Methods: Institutional cases were retrospectively reviewed. A systematic literature search and subsequent quantitative synthesis were performed for further analysis.

Magnetic Resonance Safety: Pregnancy and Lactation.

MRI is a powerful diagnostic tool with excellent soft tissue contrast that uses nonionizing radiation. These advantages make MRI an appealing modality for imaging the pregnant patient; however, specific risks inherent to the magnetic resonance environment must be considered. MRI may be performed without and/or with intravenous contrast, which adds further fetal considerations.

Higher temporal resolution multiband fMRI provides improved presurgical language maps.

Purpose: We investigated the hypothesis that increasing fMRI temporal resolution using a multiband (MB) gradient echo-echo planar imaging (GRE-EPI) pulse sequence provides fMRI language maps of higher statistical quality than those acquired with a traditional GRE-EPI sequence.

Methods: This prospective study enrolled 29 consecutive patients receiving language fMRI prior to a potential brain resection for tumor, AVM, or epilepsy. A 4-min rhyming task was performed at 3.

Neuroanatomical Considerations in Preoperative Functional Brain Mapping.

Task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for the presurgical assessment of eloquent cortex is increasingly relied upon by surgeons, neurologists, and radiologists. The utility of fMRI stems from the lack of correlation between topographic anatomy and functional anatomy. fMRI can noninvasively reveal the functional anatomy of a given individual thereby allowing the surgeon to choose the most appropriate surgical trajectory, attain the most complete resection, and offer the best chance of preserving function.

Dietary R, S-1,3-butanediol diacetoacetate reduces body weight and adiposity in obese mice fed a high-fat diet.

The dietary R-3-hydroxybutyrate- R-1,3-butanediol monoester increases resting energy expenditure (REE) and markers of brown and white adipose thermogenesis in lean mice. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the ketone ester, R, S-1,3-butanediol diacetoacetate (BD-AcAc), increases energy expenditure and markers of adipose tissue thermogenesis in the context of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity. Thirty-five-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were placed on an ad libitum HFD (45% kcal) for 10 wk.

Spinal Metastases of Extramammary Paget Disease with Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation.

Extramammary Paget disease (EMPD) is an uncommon malignancy. It manifests either in the primary form in the skin as an intraepithelial neoplasm, or in secondary form as pagetoid (intraepithelial) spread of an underlying internal carcinoma to the skin. Although local invasion and recurrence of primary extramammary Paget disease are relatively frequent, widespread metastases are rare.

Pediatric distal forearm and wrist injury: an imaging review.

Injuries to the pediatric distal forearm and wrist have myriad manifestations. Growth plate injuries can occur in the skeletally immature child. An unfused growth plate is less robust than ligamentous complexes and therefore is more easily injured.