Exploring Feedstock Recycling in Liquid-Phase-Exfoliated Nanosheets.

Industrial scale-up of two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial production is essential if these novel materials are to prove themselves commercially viable for applications ranging from energy conversion and storage to optoelectronic devices and clean water. There are several techniques to produce 2D materials, and liquid phase exfoliation (LPE) is one that has emerged as the most widespread across laboratory, pilot, and industrial production scales. One of the main issues faced in the scale-up of such techniques is the low yield (typically 0.

Evaluating exposure to vehicle pollutants using physics-informed immersive reality models.

Major health risks and chronic diseases are caused by exposure to unregulated particle pollutants from road, tyre and brake sources. Here, we use large-eddy simulations to identify local exposure to these harmful pollutants and build a physics-informed immersive reality experience to communicate outcomes with the general public for health guidance. Our analysis reveals that exposure to non-exhaust pollution is greatest at the end of braking phases, when deceleration rates are above 3 m s, diminishes to background levels for pedestrians located 1.

Technical Development and In Silico Implementation of SyntheticMR in Head and Neck Adaptive Radiation Therapy: A Prospective R-IDEAL Stage 0/1 Technology Development Report.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the technical feasibility of integrating the quantitative maps available from SyntheticMR into the head and neck adaptive radiation oncology workflow. While SyntheticMR has been investigated for diagnostic applications, no studies have investigated its feasibility and potential for MR-Simulation or MR-Linac workflow. Demonstrating the feasibility of using this technique will facilitate rapid quantitative biomarker extraction which can be leveraged to guide adaptive radiation therapy decision making.

Magnetic resonance imaging-guided renal biopsy shows high safety and diagnostic yield: a tertiary cancer center experience.

Objectives: To evaluate the technical success and outcomes of renal biopsies performed under magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a closed-bore, 1.5-Tesla MRI unit.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our institutional biopsy database and included 150 consecutive MRI-guided biopsies for renal masses between November 2007 and March 2020.

Modification of kitchen blenders into controllable laboratory mixers for mechanochemical synthesis of atomically thin materials.

Graphene and related two-dimensional materials (2DMs) have shown promise across numerous technology areas including flexible electronics, energy storage and pollution remediation. Research into novel applications of these atomically thin materials relies on access to synthesis techniques for producing 2DMs with suitable quality and quantity. Liquid-phase exfoliation is a mechanochemical approach that can achieve this and produce defect-free nanomaterial dispersions which are compatible for downstream use (e.

Feasibility of quantitative diffusion-weighted imaging during intra-procedural MRI-guided brachytherapy of locally advanced cervical and vaginal cancers.

Purpose: To determine the feasibility of quantitative apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) acquisition during magnetic resonance imaging-guided brachytherapy (MRgBT) using reduced field-of-view (rFOV) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).

Methods And Materials: T2-weighted (T2w) MR and full-FOV single-shot echo planar (ssEPI) DWI were acquired in 7 patients with cervical or vaginal malignancy at baseline and prior to brachytherapy, while rFOV-DWI was acquired during MRgBT following brachytherapy applicator placement. The gross target volume (GTV) was contoured on the T2w images and registered to the ADC map.

Sustainable Upcycling of Spent Electric Vehicle Anodes into Solution-Processable Graphene Nanomaterials.

A major transition to electric vehicles (EVs) is underway globally, as countries target reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from the transport sector. As this rapid growth continues, significant challenges remain around how to sustainably manage the accompanying large volumes of waste from end-of-life lithium-ion batteries that contain valuable rare earth and critical materials. Here, we show that high-shear exfoliation in aqueous surfactants can upcycle spent graphite anodes recovered from an EV into few-layer graphene dispersions.

Siwa Oasis groundwater quality: factors controlling spatial and temporal changes.

Siwa Oasis is of great historical, environmental, and scientific importance, as it contains unique archeological and geological features. Groundwater is the main source of freshwater in that oasis. The carbonate aquifer groundwater, used for irrigation, was sampled to evaluate factors controlling quality changes spatially and temporally by applying hydrochemical and statistical analyses.

Update on MRI in Evaluation and Treatment of Endometrial Cancer.

Endometrial cancer is the second most common gynecologic cancer worldwide and the most common gynecologic cancer in the United States, with an increasing incidence in high-income countries. Although the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system for endometrial cancer is a surgical staging system, contemporary published evidence-based data and expert opinions recommend MRI for treatment planning as it provides critical diagnostic information on tumor size and depth, extent of myometrial and cervical invasion, extrauterine extent, and lymph node status, all of which are essential in choosing the most appropriate therapy. Multiparametric MRI using a combination of T2-weighted sequences, diffusion-weighted imaging, and multiphase contrast-enhanced imaging is the mainstay for imaging assessment of endometrial cancer.

Contemporary image-guided cervical cancer brachytherapy: Consensus imaging recommendations from the Society of Abdominal Radiology and the American Brachytherapy Society.

Purpose: To present recommendations for the use of imaging for evaluation and procedural guidance of brachytherapy for cervical cancer patients.

Methods: An expert panel comprised of members of the Society of Abdominal Radiology Uterine and Ovarian Cancer Disease Focused Panel and the American Brachytherapy Society jointly assessed the existing literature and provide data-driven guidance on imaging protocol development, interpretation, and reporting.

Results: Image-guidance during applicator implantation reduces rates of uterine perforation by the tandem.

A dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI digital reference object for testing software with leakage correction: Effect of background simulation.

Purpose: Dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC)-MRI is a perfusion imaging technique from which useful quantitative imaging biomarkers can be derived. Relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) is such a biomarker commonly used for evaluating brain tumors. To account for the extravasation of contrast agents in tumors, post-processing leakage correction is often applied to improve rCBV accuracy.

AAPM Task Group 241: A medical physicist's guide to MRI-guided focused ultrasound body systems.

Magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) is a completely non-invasive technology that has been approved by FDA to treat several diseases. This report, prepared by the American Association of Physicist in Medicine (AAPM) Task Group 241, provides background on MRgFUS technology with a focus on clinical body MRgFUS systems. The report addresses the issues of interest to the medical physics community, specific to the body MRgFUS system configuration, and provides recommendations on how to successfully implement and maintain a clinical MRgFUS program.

Detecting recurrent prostate Cancer using multiparametric MRI, influence of PSA and Gleason grade.

Background: The utility of multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) in detecting suspected local recurrence post radical prostatectomy (RP) may be associated with PSA and Gleason grade. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the likelihood of detecting locally recurrent prostate cancer utilizing mpMRI in patients with suspected recurrence following radical prostatectomy (RP) parsed by PSA and Gleason grade.

Methods: One hundred ninety five patients with suspected local recurrence were imaged on a 1.

Vehicle non-exhaust emissions - Revealing the pathways from source to environmental exposure.

Brakes, tyres and road deposits have become important contributors to the overall particle emissions of vehicles globally, with constituents in these wear particles considered to be harmful to human health (PM and PM). Previous research has documented mass/size distributions, physical and chemical characteristics, emission factors and long-term implications and environmental occurrences. The complex path these pollutants take from their origins to the environment, however, is not fully understood.

An information theory model for optimizing quantitative magnetic resonance imaging acquisitions.

Acquisition parameter selection is currently performed empirically for many quantitative MRI (qMRI) acquisitions. Tuning parameters for different scan times, tissues, and resolutions requires some amount of trial and error. There is an opportunity to quantitatively optimize these acquisition parameters in order to minimize variability of quantitative maps and post-processing techniques such as synthetic image generation.

Quantitative Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI Identifies Radiation-Induced Vascular Damage in Patients With Advanced Osteoradionecrosis: Results of a Prospective Study.

Purpose: We aim to characterize the quantitative dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters associated with advanced mandibular osteoradionecrosis (ORN) compared with the contralateral normal mandible.

Methods And Materials: Patients with a diagnosis of advanced ORN after curative-intent radiation treatment of head and neck cancer were prospectively enrolled after institutional review board approval and study-specific informed consent were obtained. Quantitative maps generated with the Tofts and extended Tofts pharmacokinetic models were used for analysis.

The use of laser interstitial thermal therapy in the treatment of brain metastases: a literature review.

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to discuss the current evidence for Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy (LITT) in the treatment of brain metastases, our current recommendations for patient selection and the future perspectives for this therapy. We have also touched upon the possible complications and role of systemic therapy coupled with LITT for the treatment of brain metastases.

Material And Methods: Two authors carried out the literature search using two databases independently, including PubMed, and Web of Science.

Laser Interstitial Thermal Therapy in the treatment of brain metastases and radiation necrosis.

Stereotactic Radiosurgery has become the main treatment for patients with limited number of brain metastases (BM). Recently, with the increasing use of this modality, there is a growth in recurrence cases. Recurrence after radiation therapy can be divided in changes favoring either tumor recurrence or radiation necrosis (RN).

Mathematical modeling of mass and energy transport for thermoembolization.

Thermoembolization presents a unique treatment alternative for patients diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma. The approach delivers a reagent that undergoes an exothermic chemical reaction and combines the benefits of embolic as well as thermal- and chemical-ablative therapy modalities. The target tissue and vascular bed are subjected to simultaneous hyperthermia, ischemia, and chemical denaturation in a single procedure.

Clinical utility and value contribution of an MRI-positive line marker for image-guided brachytherapy in gynecologic malignancies.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the utility of a novel MRI-positive line marker, composed of C4:S (cobalt chloride-based contrast agent) encapsulated in high-density polyethylene tubing, in permitting dosimetry and treatment planning directly on MRI.

Methods And Materials: We evaluated the clinical feasibility of the C4:S line markers in nine sequential brachytherapy procedures for gynecologic malignancies, including six tandem-and-ovoid and three interstitial cases. We then quantified the internal resource utilization of an intraoperative MRI-guided procedural episode via time-driven activity-based costing, identifying opportunities for cost-containment with use of the C4:S line markers.

Developing an intraoperative 3T MRI-guided brachytherapy program within a diagnostic imaging suite: Methods, process workflow, and value-based analysis.

Purpose: We integrated a brachytherapy procedural workflow within an existing diagnostic 3.0-T (3T) MRI suite. This setup facilitates intraoperative MRI guidance for optimal applicator positioning, particularly for interstitial needle placements in gynecologic cases with extensive parametrial involvement.

Immunotherapy response evaluation with magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) in advanced HCC.

Background: Currently, there are no imaging predictors of immunotherapy outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The study aim was to determine if stiffness changes measured by magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) can be a predictor of immunotherapy response in patients with advanced HCC.

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective study of 15 patients with biopsy proven-advanced HCC treated with Pembrolizumab.