Astrocytes in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis: An In Situ MicroRNA Study.

Astrocytes are increasingly recognized as active contributors to the disease process in multiple sclerosis (MS), rather than being merely reactive. We investigated the expression of a selected microRNA (miRNA) panel that could contribute both to the injury and to the recovery phases of the disease. Individual astrocytes were laser microdissected from brain sections.

An integrated genomic analysis of papillary renal cell carcinoma type 1 uncovers the role of focal adhesion and extracellular matrix pathways.

Papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) is the second most common RCC subtype and can be further classified as type 1 (pRCC1) or 2 (pRCC2). There is currently minimal understanding of pRCC1 pathogenesis, and treatment decisions are mostly empirical. The aim of this study was to identify biological pathways that are involved in pRCC1 pathogenesis using an integrated genomic approach.

Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of a sellar melanocytic tumor mimicking pituitary adenoma: Case report and literature review.

Primary or metastatic melanocytic tumors in the sellar region are rare and can pose a diagnostic challenge. Here we describe a case of a 74-year-old man who underwent radiological investigations for a transient episode of blurred vision. Based on the clinical and endocrinological findings and MRI results, the patient was assumed to have a clinically non-functioning pituitary macroadenoma, which was followed-up over a 2-year period.

Profilin-1 expression is associated with high grade and stage and decreased disease-free survival in renal cell carcinoma.

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is associated with high mortality, although individual outcomes are highly variable. Identification of patients with increased risk of disease progression can guide customizing management plan according to disease severity. Profilin-1 (Pfn1) has been recently identified as overexpressed in metastatic ccRCC compared with primary tumors.

HER2 Genetic Heterogeneity in Gastric Cancer: Evaluation According to the College of American Pathologists Breast Cancer Criteria.

Gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinomas have been shown to display significant HER2 genetic heterogeneity (GH). This is typically seen as a cluster of HER2-positive cells but can also take the form of intermingled cells, referred to a "mosaic" pattern. GH is not well defined in gastric/GEJ tumors and the "mosaic" pattern has never been studied.

Sox10 is superior to S100 in the diagnosis of meningioma.

Meningiomas are the most common primary cranial tumor arising in the central nervous system and its coverings, constituting 35.5% of primary brain tumors. Schwannomas account for 8.

Co-occurrence of a cerebral cavernous malformation and an orbital cavernous hemangioma in a patient with seizures and visual symptoms: Rare crossroads for vascular malformations.

Background: Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are angiographically occult vascular malformations of the central nervous system. As a result of hemorrhage and mass effect, patients may present with focal neurologic deficits, seizures, and other symptoms necessitating treatment. Once symptomatic, most often from hemorrhage, CCMs are treated with microsurgical resection.

IgG4-related systemic sclerosing disease of the ocular adnexa: a potential mimic of ocular lymphoma.

IgG4-related sclerosing disease has been described in the orbit and ocular adnexa. Of 164 biopsies of the ocular region for suspected lymphoma, we identified 6 cases of IgG4 disease, 4 of which were previously unrecognized. All 6 cases demonstrated increased plasma cells in a background of sclerosis and increased absolute numbers of IgG4-expressing cells.

Sox10 and S100 in the diagnosis of soft-tissue neoplasms.

Despite a well-characterized lack of specificity, pathologists routinely employ S100 in the diagnosis of neural crest-derived tumors. Recent studies have shown that Sox10 is a reliable marker of neural crest differentiation that is consistently expressed in schwannian and melanocytic tumors. We sought to validate these results in a larger series of soft tissue neoplasms of both neural crest and non-neural crest origin, and to further characterize the sensitivity and specificity of Sox10 for use in clinical diagnosis.

Endocervical fibroblastic malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (neurofibrosarcoma): report of a novel entity possibly related to endocervical CD34 fibrocytes.

Primary cervical stromal sarcomas are rare neoplasms that have been poorly characterized. We report the clinical, histologic, and immunohistologic features of 3 primary endocervical S100 protein (S100p)-positive and CD34-positive sarcomas, herein designated as fibroblastic malignant peripheral nerve sheath sarcoma (endocervical neurofibrosarcoma), 2 of which occurred in women younger than 35 years of age. All tumors presented as a cervical polyp or mass lesion; 1 extended into the pelvic side wall and vaginal soft tissue.