Environmental factors and the incidence of pediatric epistaxis: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: A growing body of literature explores environmental risk factors for pediatric epistaxis, yielding variable results. We aim to clarify these associations through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials, Web of Science, Medline, Google Scholars, and Embase were systematically searched up to April 2024.

Tympanostomy Tube Insertion With and Without Adenoidectomy.

Importance: The benefit of adenoidectomy on otologic outcomes after tympanostomy tube (TT) insertion is unclear. Results from prior work are challenging to interpret due to small sample sizes, heterogeneous study designs, and varying outcome measures.

Objective: To evaluate the association between adenoidectomy and otologic outcomes using a US population-level sample of children who received TTs, producing generalizable results for widespread clinical application.

Healthcare Utilization Among Adults With Vestibular Vertigo in the United States.

Objectives: Vestibular vertigo has been shown to have a high lifetime prevalence. Previous studies have described the increased morbidities associated with vestibular vertigo.

Design: In this cross-sectional study of the 2016 National Health Interview Study, we sought to explore whether individuals with vestibular vertigo were more likely to utilize healthcare resources compared with those without vestibular vertigo.

The effect of PM2.5 on acute sinusitis: A population-based study.

PM2.5 exposure is a risk factor for the development of acute sinusitis. PM2.

Design and Evaluation of a Spoke-Based Double-Lumen Pediatric Gastrostomy Tube.

Gastrostomy tubes (G-tubes) are the gold standard for feeding assistance for children with feeding dysfunction. Current G-tubes pose complications that interrupt the delivery of feed, including tube displacement and difficulty of at-home use. This study details an alternative, spoke-based, double-lumen G-tube design and preliminary validation of its function and usability.

Is Public Interest Associated with Real-World Management of Ankyloglossia?

Objectives: Assess the relationship between public interest in ankyloglossia as determined by internet search volume and real-world medical claims data.

Study Design: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Setting: This retrospective cohort study was conducted using claims data from the Merative™ Marketscan® Research Databases.

Anticoagulation prophylaxis patterns following retroperitoneal lymph node dissection for testis cancer.

Introduction: Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) is the standard of care for testicular cancer in various disease settings. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) complications have been reported to occur in <1% of primary RPLND cases and up to 3% of postchemotherapy (PC-RPLND) cases. While prophylactic anticoagulation (AC) has been well-documented to reduce DVT rates in patients undergoing surgery in general, the benefit of prophylactic AC in RPLND has not been assessed.

Evaluation of Asymmetries in Speech-in Noise Abilities in Audiologic Screening for Vestibular Schwannoma.

Objectives: Measures of speech-in-noise, such as the QuickSIN, are increasingly common tests of speech perception in audiologic practice. However, the effect of vestibular schwannoma (VS) on speech-in-noise abilities is unclear. Here, we compare the predictive ability of interaural QuickSIN asymmetry for detecting VS against other measures of audiologic asymmetry.

Preliminary Guidelines for Replacing Word-Recognition in Quiet With Speech in Noise Assessment in the Routine Audiologic Test Battery.

Objectives: For decades, monosyllabic word-recognition in quiet (WRQ) has been the default test of speech recognition in routine audiologic assessment. The continued use of WRQ scores is noteworthy in part because difficulties understanding speech in noise (SIN) is perhaps the most common complaint of individuals with hearing loss. The easiest way to integrate SIN measures into routine clinical practice would be for SIN to replace WRQ assessment as the primary test of speech perception.

Environmental Risk Factors for Pediatric Epistaxis vary by Climate Zone.

Introduction And Objective: Prior studies have provided variable results regarding environmental risk factors for epistaxis. These studies were conducted in varying climate zones, which may explain discrepancies in results. The objective of this study is to investigate correlations between season, temperature, and humidity on frequency of pediatric epistaxis across climate zones.

The Utility of a "Second-Look" Debridement Following Endonasal Skull Base Surgery in the Pediatric Population.

 Sinonasal debridement is typically performed in the weeks following endonasal skull base surgery (ESBS). In the pediatric population, this second-look procedure may require general anesthesia; however, there is currently little evidence assessing the benefit of this practice.  This was a multicenter retrospective study of pediatric patients (age <18 years) undergoing a planned second-look debridement under general anesthesia following ESBS.

Single Versus Multigene Testing for Hereditary Hearing Loss: Use and Costs in a Commercially Insured Cohort.

Objective: The objectives of this study were to describe trends in single-gene GJB2/6 (connexin 26/30) and multigene hearing loss panel (HLP) testing for hereditary hearing loss using real-world evidence.

Study Design: Retrospective study using insurance claims data.

Setting: Optum Data Mart database from 2015 to 2020.

Diagnosis and Management of Vocal Complications after Chondrolaryngoplasty.

Objective: Transfeminine patients (transwomen/feminine nonbinary folks assigned male at birth) can undergo chondrolaryngoplasty ("tracheal shave") to feminize their neck appearance. While isolated cases of vocal complications have been reported following the procedure, aggregated outcomes have not been quantitatively studied. We present acoustic and stroboscopic data to describe a patient cohort with vocal complications after chondrolaryngoplasty and discuss reparative surgical technique.

Use of Convolutional Neural Networks to Evaluate Auricular Reconstruction Outcomes for Microtia.

Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine whether machine learning may be used for objective assessment of aesthetic outcomes of auricular reconstructive surgery.

Methods: Images of normal and reconstructed auricles were obtained from internet image search engines. Convolutional neural networks were constructed to identify auricles in 2D images in an auto-segmentation task and to evaluate whether an ear was normal versus reconstructed in a binary classification task.

Association Between Social Disadvantage and Otitis Media Treatment in US Children With Commercial Insurance.

Importance: It is well established that social disadvantage is associated with earlier, more frequent, and more severe otitis media in children. Appropriate medical and surgical treatment of otitis media can prevent hearing loss and other complications, which may affect future academic and employment opportunities in socially disadvantaged populations. Clinical treatment patterns for otitis media in the US are unclear.

Sociodemographic Disparities in the Diagnostic Management of Pediatric Thyroid Nodules.

Importance: Thyroid cancer is the most common pediatric endocrine malignant neoplasm. Disparities in the workup of thyroid nodules may be significantly associated with thyroid cancer outcomes.

Objective: To determine the association of sociodemographic factors with the odds of receiving a biopsy, timeliness of the procedure, and risk of nodule malignancy.

A Study of Postoperative Complications Occurring at Home With Pediatric Gastrostomy Feeding Tubes.

Objective: Gastrostomy tubes (G-tubes) provide long-term feeding assistance to children with severe feeding dysfunction. Although there are a host of complications that occur at home with current pediatric G-tube feeding, their prevalences and outcomes remain relatively unstudied. This study aims to identify and describe such complications.

Racial Disparities in Surgical Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea.

Objective: Determine risk factors for failure to receive surgical treatment among patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Study Design: Population-based observational longitudinal cohort study.

Setting: Population-based database.

Use of Polysomnography and CPAP in Children Who Received Adenotonsillectomy, US 2004 to 2018.

Objectives: 1) To determine the prevalence polysomnogram (PSG) and continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy use in children who received adenotonsillectomy (AT) for sleep symptoms. 2) To identify health care disparities in these regards.

Study Design: Retrospective database analysis.

Risk of Second Primary Malignancies After External Beam Radiotherapy for Thyroid Cancer.

Aim: To investigate the association between external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) and the incidence of second primary tumors in patients with thyroid cancer.

Materials And Methods: Data were extracted from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results 9 database. The study cohort included patients diagnosed with thyroid cancer between 1973 and 2017.

Infectious Complications Following Cochlear Implant: Risk Factors, Natural History, and Management Patterns.

Objective: To describe the natural history, detail the treatment patterns, and identify the risk factors for cochlear implant (CI) infections in a large US cohort.

Study Design: Retrospective study based on insurance claims.

Setting: Optum Data Mart database: 6101 patients who received CIs from 2003 to 2019.