Characterization of the key aroma compounds in Shiraz wine by quantitation, aroma reconstitution, and omission studies.

The key aroma compounds of premium Australian Shiraz wines from the warm Barossa Valley and cooler Margaret River regions were characterized. GC-Olfactometry was conducted to determine the most important volatile compounds, which were then quantitated. The wine from the Barossa Valley had higher concentrations of ethyl propanoate, dimethyl sulfide (DMS), and oak-derived compounds, whereas the Margaret River wine contained above threshold concentrations of the 'cheesy' compounds 2- and 3-methylbutanoic acid, as well as rotundone, the 'pepper'-smelling compound.

Contribution of several volatile phenols and their glycoconjugates to smoke-related sensory properties of red wine.

Guaiacol and 4-methylguaiacol are well-known as contributors to the flavor of wines made from smoke-affected grapes, but there are other volatile phenols commonly found in smoke from forest fires that are also potentially important. The relationships between the concentration of a range of volatile phenols and their glycoconjugates with the sensory characteristics of wines and model wines were investigated. Modeling of the attribute ratings from a sensory descriptive analysis of smoke-affected wines with their chemical composition indicated the concentrations of guaiacol, o-cresol, m-cresol, and p-cresol were related to smoky attributes.

Pharmacokinetics of fentanyl after subcutaneous administration in volunteers.

Background And Objective: Pain relief using intermittent subcutaneous injections of an opioid (e.g. morphine) avoids the need for venous access and does not require complex or expensive pumps and devices.

Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence evaluation of two fixed-dose tablet formulations of dihydroartemisinin and piperaquine in Vietnamese subjects.

The two fixed-dose combinations of dihydroartemisinin and piperaquine (Artekin and Arterakine) were found to be bioinequivalent in healthy Vietnamese subjects. However, because the peak plasma concentrations and areas under the concentration-time curves of dihydroartemisinin and piperaquine were only marginally different between the two formulations, similar therapeutic efficacies are expected in the treatment of malaria infections.

Coordination and fluorescence of the intracellular Zn2+ probe [2-methyl-8-(4-toluenesulfonamido)-6-quinolyloxy]acetic acid (Zinquin A) in ternary Zn2+ complexes.

A potentiometric study of the coordination of the fluorophore, 2-methyl-8-(4-toluenesulfonamido)-6-quinolyloxyacetic acid, (1)LH(2) (the intracellular Zn(2+) probe, Zinquin A) in its deprotonated form, (1)L(2)(-), in Zn(2+) ternary complexes, [Zn(n)L(1)L](n) (where n is the charge of (n)L) at 298.2 K in 50% aqueous ethanol (v/v) and I = 0.10 (NaClO(4)), shows that the formation of [Zn(n)L(1)L](n) from [Zn(n)L]((2+)(n)(+) is characterized by log(K(5)/dm(3) mol(-1)) = 8.