Staging paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma in the "as low as reasonably achievable" age: the case for PET-CT.

Rhabdomyosarcoma accounts for 40% of paratesticular malignancies and 5% of testicular and paratesticular malignancies in children and adolescents. The Children's Oncology Group currently recommends computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging for staging of paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma in children. The present case illustrates a 9-year-old boy with paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma who had negative findings on a staging CT scan and a subsequent positron emission tomography-CT scan demonstrating retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis.

PGI2 opens potassium channels in retinal pericytes by cyclic AMP-stimulated, cross-activation of PKG.

Pericytes exert an important influence on the control of retinal blood flow; however, little is known regarding the molecular basis of retinal pericyte excitability. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the signaling pathway of how prostacyclin (PGI2), an important endogenous regulator of retinal blood flow, stimulates potassium channel activity in retinal pericytes. Retinal pericytes were isolated from porcine eyeballs and plated on glass coverslips.

Rab11b resides in a vesicular compartment distinct from Rab11a in parietal cells and other epithelial cells.

The Rab11 family of small GTPases is composed of three members, Rab11a, Rab11b, and Rab25. While recent work on Rab11a and Rab25 has yielded some insights into their function, Rab11b has received little attention. Therefore, we sought to examine the distribution of endogenous Rab11b in epithelial cells.