Abstract: An International Comparison of Private and Public Schools Using Multilevel Propensity Score Methods and Graphics.

As can be seen from the recent Special Issue of MBR on propensity score analysis (PSA) methods, the use of PSA has gained increasing popularity for estimating causal effects in observational studies. However, PSA use with multilevel or clustered data has been limited, and to date there seems to have been no development of specialized graphics for such data. This paper introduces the multilevelPSA ( http://multilevelPSA.