Utilisation, effectiveness, and safety of immediate postpartum intrauterine device insertion: a systematic literature review.

Background: Intrauterine devices (IUDs) are highly effective contraception. IUDs inserted directly following delivery provide immediate birth control and may decrease unintended pregnancies, including short-interval pregnancies, thereby mitigating health risks and associated economic burden.

Methods: This systematic literature review included published global data on the utilisation, effectiveness, and safety of postpartum intrauterine devices (PPIUDs) of any type.

Quantifying the economic burden of unintended pregnancies due to drug-drug interactions with hormonal contraceptives from the United States payer perspective.

In the United States of America (USA), nearly 10 million women use oral contraceptives (OCs). Concomitant administration of certain medications can result in contraceptive failure, and consequently unintended pregnancies due to drug-drug interactions (DDIs). The objective of this analysis was to estimate the economic impact of unintended pregnancies due to DDIs among women of reproductive age using an OC alone or in combination with an enzyme inducer co-medication in the USA from a payer perspective.

Development of clinical prediction models for renal and cardiovascular outcomes and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease using time-varying predictors.

Aims: To develop a set of prediction models for end-stage kidney disease (ESKD), cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) using commonly measured clinical variables.

Methods: We studied 1432 participants with T2D and CKD enrolled in the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort, followed for a median period of 7 years. We used Cox proportional-hazards models to model the six outcomes (ESKD, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI), congestive heart failure (CHF), death before ESKD, and all-cause mortality).

An outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 with high mortality in mink (Neovison vison) on multiple Utah farms.

The breadth of animal hosts that are susceptible to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and may serve as reservoirs for continued viral transmission are not known entirely. In August 2020, an outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 occurred on five mink farms in Utah and was associated with high mink mortality (35-55% of adult mink) and rapid viral transmission between animals. The premise and clinical disease information, pathology, molecular characterization, and tissue distribution of virus within infected mink during the early phase of the outbreak are provided.

Rosacea Treatment Satisfaction: Matching Adjusted Indirect Treatment Comparison Analysis of Metronidazole Gel or Cream vs Azelaic Acid Foam.

Objective: To assess differences in patient-reported treatment side effects and concerns associated with azelaic acid 15% foam (AAF) vs metronidazole cream (MC) and metronidazole gel (MG).

Methods: This study used matching-adjusted indirect comparison (MAIC) to compare patient-reported outcomes from survey data evaluating rosacea treatments. Outcomes of interest included percentages of patients reporting concerns and side effects and measures of importance of the concerns and tolerability of the side effects.

Concerns and Treatment Satisfaction in Patients Being Treated With Azelaic Acid Foam for Rosacea.

Objective: To describe patient characteristics, concerns, side effects, treatment satisfaction, and quality of life (QoL) of rosacea patients currently being treated with monotherapy azelaic acid foam based on patient-reported data. Methods: The study utilized a non-interventional, prospective, observational design. Patients were recruited in the United States and were eligible if the following criteria were met: diagnosed with rosacea by a medical professional, ≥18 years of age, currently receiving monotherapy with azelaic acid foam, and able to provide informed consent.

Patient centered medical homes did not improve access to timely follow-up after ED visit.

Background: Patients newly insured through coverage expansion under the Affordable Care Act (ACA) may have difficulty obtaining timely primary care follow-up appointments after emergency department (ED) discharge. We evaluated the association between availability of timely follow-up appointment with practice access improvements, including patient-centered medical home (PCMH) designations or extended-hours appointments.

Methods: We performed a secret-shopper audit of primary care practices in greater New Haven, Connecticut.

Population-Based Analysis of Histologically Confirmed Melanocytic Proliferations Using Natural Language Processing.

Importance: Population-based information on the distribution of histologic diagnoses associated with skin biopsies is unknown. Electronic medical records (EMRs) enable automated extraction of pathology report data to improve our epidemiologic understanding of skin biopsy outcomes, specifically those of melanocytic origin.

Objective: To determine population-based frequencies and distribution of histologically confirmed melanocytic lesions.

Pathologists' Use of Second Opinions in Interpretation of Melanocytic Cutaneous Lesions: Policies, Practices, and Perceptions.

Background: Research examining the role of second opinions in pathology for diagnosis of melanocytic lesions is limited.

Objective: To assess current laboratory policies, clinical use of second opinions, and pathologists' perceptions of second opinions for melanocytic lesions.

Materials And Methods: Cross-sectional data collected from 207 pathologists in 10 US states who diagnose melanocytic lesions.

The influence of tumor regression, solar elastosis, and patient age on pathologists' interpretation of melanocytic skin lesions.

It is not known whether patient age or tumor characteristics such as tumor regression or solar elastosis influence pathologists' interpretation of melanocytic skin lesions (MSLs). We undertook a study to determine the influence of these factors, and to explore pathologist's characteristics associated with the direction of diagnosis. To meet our objective, we designed a cross-sectional survey study of pathologists' clinical practices and perceptions.

Patient-reported outcomes of azelaic acid foam 15% for patients with papulopustular rosacea: secondary efficacy results from a randomized, controlled, double-blind, phase 3 trial.

Patient-reported treatment outcomes are important for evaluating the impact of drug therapies on patient experience. A randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled, parallel-group, multicenter, phase 3 study was conducted in 961 participants to assess patient perception of efficacy, utility, and effect on quality of life (QOL) of an azelaic acid (AzA) 15% foam formulation for the treatment of papulopustular rosacea (PPR). Secondary end points included patient-reported global assessment of treatment response, global assessment of tolerability, and opinion on cosmetic acceptability and practicability of product use.

Variation among pathologists' treatment suggestions for melanocytic lesions: A survey of pathologists.

Background: The extent of variability in treatment suggestions for melanocytic lesions made by pathologists is unknown.

Objective: We investigated how often pathologists rendered suggestions, reasons for providing suggestions, and concordance with national guidelines.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of pathologists.

Resident perspectives on a dermatology Quality Improvement curriculum: the University of Colorado experience.

The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) have prioritized the objective of optimizing quality healthcare though quality improvement initiatives, yet research on dermatology-specific QI programs and their perceptions among dermatology residents remains limited. We explore residents' opinions of a dermatology-specific QI scholarly project curriculum implemented at University of Colorado Denver (UCD) in 2010 and also evaluate residents' attitudes regarding the value of this curriculum in aiding them to meet ACGME core competencies.

Evaluation of the Melanocytic Pathology Assessment Tool and Hierarchy for Diagnosis (MPATH-Dx) classification scheme for diagnosis of cutaneous melanocytic neoplasms: Results from the International Melanoma Pathology Study Group.

Background: Pathologists use diverse terminology when interpreting melanocytic neoplasms, potentially compromising quality of care.

Objective: We sought to evaluate the Melanocytic Pathology Assessment Tool and Hierarchy for Diagnosis (MPATH-Dx) scheme, a 5-category classification system for melanocytic lesions.

Methods: Participants (n = 16) of the 2013 International Melanoma Pathology Study Group Workshop provided independent case-level diagnoses and treatment suggestions for 48 melanocytic lesions.

Use of Digital Whole Slide Imaging in Dermatopathology.

Digital whole slide imaging (WSI) is an emerging technology for pathology interpretation, with specific challenges for dermatopathology, yet little is known about pathologists' practice patterns or perceptions regarding WSI for interpretation of melanocytic lesions. A national sample of pathologists (N = 207) was recruited from 864 invited pathologists from ten US states (CA, CT, HI, IA, KY, LA, NJ, NM, UT, and WA). Pathologists who had interpreted melanocytic lesions in the past year were surveyed in this cross-sectional study.

Grading of atypia in genital skin lesions: routine microscopic evaluation and use of p16 immunostaining.

Background: p16 immunostaining has been used to aid and improve the histopathologic evaluation of equivocal cervical lesions with associated low-grade or high-grade dysplasia. However, the utility of p16 immunostaining in the diagnosis of atypical genital skin lesions remains debatable.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of genital skin lesions with varying degrees of atypia.

Delay of Surgery for Melanoma Among Medicare Beneficiaries.

Importance: Timely delivery of surgery for cancer affects health care quality and outcomes. However, population-based studies characterizing the delay of surgery for melanoma in the United States have not been performed.

Objective: To assess the delay of surgery for melanoma by tumor-, patient-, and physician-level characteristics.

Comparing burden of dermatologic disease to search interest on google trends.

Google Trends is a publicly available resource for comparing Internet search query frequency and trends interest in queries over time. The tool provides country, region, and city-specific data for term search volume on Google Search. Our study sought to compare the relative search interest to the burden of disease for the fifteen skin conditions studied by the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 project.

Clinical characteristics associated with Spitz nevi and Spitzoid malignant melanomas: the Yale University Spitzoid Neoplasm Repository experience, 1991 to 2008.

Background: Spitz nevi and Spitzoid malignant melanomas are uncommon and may be difficult to distinguish histopathologically. Identification of clinical features associated with these lesions may aid in diagnosis.

Objective: We sought to identify clinical characteristics associated with Spitz nevi and Spitzoid malignant melanomas.