Impact of a negative confirmatory biopsy on risk of disease progression among men on active surveillance for prostate cancer.

Objective: Most prostate cancer active surveillance (AS) protocols suggest a confirmatory biopsy within 12 to 18 months of diagnosis to mitigate the risk of unsampled high-grade disease. We investigate whether the results of confirmatory biopsy impact AS outcomes and could be used to tailor surveillance intensity.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our institutional database of prostate cancer patients managed by AS from 1997 to 2019 who underwent confirmatory biopsy and ≥3 biopsies overall.

Testing the role of myeloid cell glucose flux in inflammation and atherosclerosis.

Inflammatory activation of myeloid cells is accompanied by increased glycolysis, which is required for the surge in cytokine production. Although in vitro studies suggest that increased macrophage glucose metabolism is sufficient for cytokine induction, the proinflammatory effects of increased myeloid cell glucose flux in vivo and the impact on atherosclerosis, a major complication of diabetes, are unknown. We therefore tested the hypothesis that increased glucose uptake in myeloid cells stimulates cytokine production and atherosclerosis.