Reciprocal relationship between cancer stem cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells: implications for tumor progression and therapeutic strategies.

Recently, there has been an increased focus on cancer stem cells (CSCs) due to their resilience, making them difficult to eradicate. This resilience often leads to tumor recurrence and metastasis. CSCs adeptly manipulate their surroundings to create an environment conducive to their survival.

A Novel Method Enables General Pathologists to Create Web Dynamic Forms for Synoptic Tumor Reporting.

Context.—: Tumor reporting constitutes a significant daily task of pathologists. An efficient tumor-reporting methodology is thus vitally important.

Extracellular Vesicles: A Brief Overview and Its Role in Precision Medicine.

Precision medicine has emerged as an approach to tailor therapies for an individual at the time of diagnosis and/or treatment. This emergence has been fueled by the ability to profile nucleic acids, along with proteins and lipids isolated from biofluids, a method called "liquid biopsy ," either by or in combination of one of the following components: circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), and/or extracellular vesicles (EVs) . EVs are membrane-surrounded structures released by cells in an evolutionarily conserved manner.

Cancer Liquid Biopsy: Is It Ready for Clinic?

The management of cancer relies on a combination of imaging and tissue biopsy for diagnosis, monitoring, and molecular classification-based patient stratification to ensure appropriate treatment. Conventional tissue biopsy harvests tumor samples with invasive procedures, which are often difficult for patients with advanced disease. Given the well-recognized intratumor genetic heterogeneity [1], the biopsy of small tumor fragments does not necessarily represent all the genetic aberrations in the tumor, but sampling the entire tumor in each patient is not realistic.

Molecular analysis of gastric cancer identifies subtypes associated with distinct clinical outcomes.

Gastric cancer, a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, is a heterogeneous disease. We aim to establish clinically relevant molecular subtypes that would encompass this heterogeneity and provide useful clinical information. We use gene expression data to describe four molecular subtypes linked to distinct patterns of molecular alterations, disease progression and prognosis.

The draft genome of the large yellow croaker reveals well-developed innate immunity.

The large yellow croaker, Larimichthys crocea, is one of the most economically important marine fish species endemic to China. Its wild stocks have severely suffered from overfishing, and the aquacultured species are vulnerable to various marine pathogens. Here we report the creation of a draft genome of a wild large yellow croaker using a whole-genome sequencing strategy.

Genomic landscape and genetic heterogeneity in gastric adenocarcinoma revealed by whole-genome sequencing.

Gastric cancer (GC) is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths. It is known to be a heterogeneous disease with several molecular and histological subtypes. Here we perform whole-genome sequencing of 49 GCs with diffuse (N=31) and intestinal (N=18) histological subtypes and identify three mutational signatures, impacting TpT, CpG and TpCp[A/T] nucleotides.

Development of a miR-26 companion diagnostic test for adjuvant interferon-alpha therapy in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background & Aims: Adjuvant therapies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) such as interferon-alpha are effective only in a subset of patients. Previously we found that HCC patients with low level of miR-26 have survival benefits from interferon-alpha. The purpose of this study is to develop a standardized miR-26 diagnostic test (referred as MIR26-DX) to assist identification of candidate HCC patients for adjuvant interferon-alpha therapy.

Peripheral arterial occlusive disease: global gene expression analyses suggest a major role for immune and inflammatory responses.

Background: Peripheral arterial disease (PAD), a major manifestation of atherosclerosis, is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity, limb loss and death. However, mechanisms underlying the genesis and progression of the disease are far from clear. Genome-wide gene expression profiling of clinical samples may represent an effective approach to gain relevant information.

Complement activation in the peripheral nervous system following the spinal nerve ligation model of neuropathic pain.

Neuroinflammatory and neuroimmune mechanisms, as exemplified by infiltrating immune cells and activation of resident endothelial/glial cells, respectively, are known to be involved in the establishment and maintenance of chronic pain. An immune system pathway that may be involved in the activation of both immune and glial cells is complement. The complement pathway is made up of a large number of distinct plasma proteins which react with one another to opsonize pathogens and induce a series of inflammatory responses to help fight infection.