Operando X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Study of SnO Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Reduction of CO to Formate.

Tin-based electrocatalysts exhibit a remarkable ability to catalyze CO to formate selectively. Understanding the size-property relationships and exploring the evolution of the active size still lack complete understanding. Herein, we prepared SnO nanoparticles (NPs) with a controllable size supported on commercial carbon spheres (SnO/C-, = 1, 2, and 3) by a simple low-temperature annealing method.

Patterns of regional recurrence in papillary thyroid cancer patients with lateral neck metastases undergoing neck dissection.

Background: Practice variability exists for the extent of neck dissection undertaken for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) metastatic to the lateral neck nodes, with disagreement over routine level V dissection.

Methods: We performed a retrospective medical record review of PTC patients with lateral neck nodal metastases treated at University Health Network from 2000 to 2012. Predictive factors for regional neck recurrence, including extent of initial neck dissection, were analyzed using Cox regression.

Determining Patient Preferences for Indeterminate Thyroid Nodules: Observation, Surgery or Molecular Tests.

Background: Gene-expression classifiers (GEC) and genetic mutation panels (GMP) have been shown to improve preoperative diagnostic evaluations of indeterminate thyroid nodules. Despite the improvement, uncertainty regarding the proper management exists. Patient preferences may better inform the management of these indeterminate thyroid nodules.

Tuberculous lymphadenitis of the head and neck in Canadian children: Experience from a low-burden region.

Background: Children are more likely than adults to develop extra-pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB), which often presents as cervical lymphadenopathy. The role of surgery in management is uncertain. We reviewed all head and neck EPTB cases presenting to our tertiary care pediatric institution over a twelve-year period.

Absorbable Steroid-Impregnated Spacer After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery to Reduce Synechiae Formation.

Objective: Middle meatal synechiae formation after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) leads to higher rates of revision surgery. We aimed to determine if there are different rates of postoperative synechiae following ESS for CRS between patients who received a nonabsorbable spacer (NAS) placed in the ethmoid cavity versus patients who had a steroid-impregnated absorbable spacer (AS) placed at the middle meatal entry.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent ESS for CRS at a single tertiary referral center from October 2009 to October 2013.

Long-term treatment with tenofovir in Asian-American chronic hepatitis B patients is associated with abnormal renal phosphate handling.

Background: Increased risk of defective urinary phosphate reabsorption and osteoporosis has been reported in HIV and chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF).

Aims: Goals of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of renal phosphate wasting and abnormal bone mineral density in CHB patients taking TDF compared to CHB patients treated with entecavir (ETV) and untreated CHB patients.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of 146 consecutive Asian-American CHB patients who were treatment naïve (n = 60) or treated with either TDF (n = 42) or ETV (n = 44).

Lymphadenopathy: defining a palpable lymph node.

Background: The threshold size required to detect lymphadenopathy via palpation has never been formally determined. The purpose of this study was to determine the threshold, sensitivity, and error of node palpation and how this changes with experience.

Methods: Lymphadenopathy models were created using polyvinyl alcohol cryogel (PVA-C) to mimic tissue tactility.

Aspirin desensitization for aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (Samter's Triad): a systematic review of the literature.

Objectives: To critically review the current literature regarding aspirin desensitization treatment for nasal polyposis in patients with Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease (AERD).

Study Design: Systematic review of the literature.

Methods: All English literature published between January 1995 and February 2013 reporting specifically nasal outcomes following aspirin desensitization in AERD patients were eligible for inclusion.

Development of a tissue-mimicking neck model for medical education.

Background: The ability to palpate neck masses and lymph nodes and appreciate qualities such as size, location, and consistency is critical for patient care and an important clinical skill for all physicians. Medical students currently learn neck palpation by practicing on healthy, standardized patients; however, studies of similar procedures have shown that educational models with simulated pathology help improve technique and confidence.

Objective: Our goal was to create a tissue-mimicking neck model with palpable masses.