The neglected association between schizophrenia and bone fragility: a systematic review and meta-analyses.

Schizophrenia is associated with increased risk of medical comorbidity, possibly including osteoporosis, which is a public health concern due to its significant social and health consequences. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aimed to determine whether schizophrenia is associated with bone fragility. The protocol for this review has been registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020171959).

Lithium use and bone health in women with bipolar disorder: A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Several psychiatric disorders and medications used to treat them appear to be independently associated with skeletal deficits. As there is increasing evidence that lithium possesses skeletal protective properties, we aimed to investigate the association between lithium use and bone health in a group of women with bipolar disorder.

Method: Women with bipolar disorder (n = 117, 20+ years) were recruited from south-eastern Australia.

Biofabrication of functional bone tissue: defining tissue-engineered scaffolds from nature.

Damage to bone leads to pain and loss of movement in the musculoskeletal system. Although bone can regenerate, sometimes it is damaged beyond its innate capacity. Research interest is increasingly turning to tissue engineering (TE) processes to provide a clinical solution for bone defects.

Antipsychotic medication use and fracture: a case-control study.

It has been reported that antipsychotic use is associated with lower bone mineral density and bone quality. We aimed to determine whether antipsychotic use is associated with fracture risk in a population-based sample of adults living in the Barwon Statistical Division, south-eastern Australia. In this case-control study, 1458 participants (51.

Antipsychotic medication use in association with quantitative heel ultrasound (QUS).

Purpose: Antipsychotic medication use has been associated with decreased bone mineral density; however, less is known whether antipsychotics affect other parameters of bone health. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between antipsychotic medication use and quantitative heel ultrasound (QUS) in a population based sample of men and women.

Methods: Thirty-one antipsychotic users and 155 non-users matched for age and sex were drawn from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study.

Antipsychotic-induced bone loss: the role of dopamine, serotonin and adrenergic receptor signalling.

Antipsychotics are commonly used in treating psychiatric disorders. These medications primarily target dopamine the serotonin receptors, they have some affinity to adrenergic, histamine, glutamate and muscarinic receptors. There is clinical evidence that antipsychotic use decreases BMD and increases fracture risk, with dopamine, serotonin and adrenergic receptor-signalling becoming an increasing area of focus where the presence of these receptors in osteoclasts and osteoblasts have been demonstrated.

Use of antipsychotic medication and its relationship with bone mineral density: A population-based study of men and women.

Background: Schizophrenia has been shown to be associated with reduced bone mineral density (BMD) and higher fracture risk. However, less is known whether antipsychotic treatment is associated with reduced BMD. Thus, we aimed to examine associations between antipsychotic use and BMD among men and women drawn from the general population.

Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and bone health: data from a population-based sample of men.

Unlabelled: We aimed to investigate the association between serum lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) and bone health in men. LBP was associated with lower bone density at the mid-forearm and the quantitative heel ultrasound measure, broadband ultrasound attenuation, for heavier participants. Data do not support clear associations between serum LBP and bone health.

Bipolar disorder and bone health: A case-control study.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with significant psychological and physical comorbidity. Yet little is known about the bone health of individuals with BD. Thus, we aimed to investigate the association between BD and bone health in a population-based sample of women.

Anticonvulsant use and fracture: a case-control study.

Objectives: We aimed to investigate fracture risk associated with anticonvulsant use in a population-based sample of men and women.

Methods: Data from 1,458 participants (51.8% women) with a radiologically confirmed incident fracture (cases) were compared to 1,796 participants (46.

Anticonvulsant use and bone health in a population-based study of men and women: cross-sectional data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study.

Background: Anticonvulsant use has been linked to bone deficits in specific patient populations. We studied the association between anticonvulsant use and bone health in a population-based sample of men and women.

Methods: Data from 926 men (24-73 yr) and 1070 women (21-94 yr) participating in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study were included.

Study protocol for the systematic review and meta-analyses of the association between schizophrenia and bone fragility.

Introduction: Individuals with schizophrenia are known to be at higher risk of comorbid conditions, both physical and psychological. Osteoporosis is possibly one of these, leading to public health concerns due to higher rates of associated mortality and morbidity. We aim to systematically search all available evidence across electronic databases regarding the relationship between schizophrenia and bone fragility.

Dietary tryptophan and bone health: a cross-sectional, population-based study.

Unlabelled: Tryptophan metabolites influence bone. We aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary tryptophan and bone health in a population-based sample of men and women. Following adjustment for age, dietary tryptophan was not associated with bone quantity or quality, suggesting a non-critical role of superfluous tryptophan on the skeleton.

Bone health in bipolar disorder: a study protocol for a case-control study in Australia.

Introduction: Little is known about the bone health of adults with bipolar disorder, aside from evidence purporting bone deficits among individuals with other mental illnesses, or those taking medications commonly used in bipolar disorder. In this paper, we present the methodology of a case-control study which aims to examine the role of bipolar disorder as a risk factor for bone fragility.

Methods And Analysis: Men and women with bipolar disorder (~200 cases) will be recruited and compared with participants with no history of bipolar disorder (~1500 controls) from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study.

Bipolar disorder and bone health: A systematic review.

Background: Bipolar disorder is a chronic, episodic mental illness, affecting around 2.4% of the population worldwide. Psychological and/or physiological comorbidities are a common consequence, and osteoporosis is one such possible comorbidity.

9- and 13-HODE regulate fatty acid binding protein-4 in human macrophages, but does not involve HODE/GPR132 axis in PPAR-γ regulation of FABP4.

Background: Both activation of monocytes and increased serum fatty acid binding protein-4 (FABP4) occur in diabetes and are associated with increased atherosclerosis. The oxidized lipid, 9-hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid (9-HODE) increases FABP4 in macrophages, and is a ligand for G protein-coupled receptor 132 (GPR132). We investigated the involvement of GPR132 in mediating the 9-, 13-HODE stimulation of FABP4 secretion, and whether GPR132 expression is increased in monocytes from patients with type 2 diabetes.

Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) and Markers of Bone Turnover in Men.

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have been shown to have a clinically significant impact on bone metabolism. To explore this further, we aimed to determine whether these agents are associated with serum markers of bone turnover utilising a population-based sample of men (n = 1138; 20-96 year) participating in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study. Blood samples were obtained and the bone resorption marker, C-telopeptide (CTx) and formation marker, type 1 procollagen amino-terminal-propeptide (PINP) were measured.

Evolutionary and network analysis of virus sequences from infants infected with an Australian recombinant strain of human parechovirus type 3.

We present the near complete virus genome sequences with phylogenetic and network analyses of potential transmission networks of a total of 18 Australian cases of human parechovirus type 3 (HPeV3) infection in infants in the period from 2012-2015. Overall the results support our previous finding that the Australian outbreak strain/lineage is a result of a major recombination event that took place between March 2012 and November 2013 followed by further virus evolution and possibly recombination. While the nonstructural coding region of unknown provenance appears to evolve significantly both at the nucleotide and amino acid level, the capsid encoding region derived from the Yamagata 2011 lineage of HPeV3 appears to be very stable, particularly at the amino acid level.

An outbreak of severe infections among Australian infants caused by a novel recombinant strain of human parechovirus type 3.

Human parechovirus types 1-16 (HPeV1-16) are positive strand RNA viruses in the family Picornaviridae. We investigated a 2015 outbreak of HPeV3 causing illness in infants in Victoria, Australia. Virus genome was extracted from clinical material and isolates and sequenced using a combination of next generation and Sanger sequencing.

Association between bipolar spectrum disorder and bone health: a meta-analysis and systematic review protocol.

Introduction: Bipolar spectrum disorder is a chronic, episodic illness, associated with significant personal, social and economic burden. It is estimated to affect ∼2.4% of the population worldwide and is commonly associated with psychological and/or physiological comorbidities.

DNA methylation and the social gradient of osteoporotic fracture: A conceptual model.

Introduction: Although there is a documented social gradient for osteoporosis, the underlying mechanism(s) for that gradient remain unknown. We propose a conceptual model based upon the allostatic load theory, to suggest how DNA methylation (DNAm) might underpin the social gradient in osteoporosis and fracture. We hypothesise that social disadvantage is associated with priming of inflammatory pathways mediated by epigenetic modification that leads to an enhanced state of inflammatory reactivity and oxidative stress, and thus places socially disadvantaged individuals at greater risk of osteoporotic fracture.

Effects of Depression and Serotonergic Antidepressants on Bone: Mechanisms and Implications for the Treatment of Depression.

Osteoporosis is a chronic skeletal disease marked by microarchitectural deterioration of the bone matrix and depletion of bone mineral density (BMD), with a consequent increased risk for fragility fractures. It has been frequently associated with depression, which is also a chronic and debilitating disorder with high prevalence. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), first-line agents in the pharmacological treatment of mood and anxiety disorders, have also been shown to negatively affect bone metabolism.

The association between use of antidepressants and bone quality using quantitative heel ultrasound.

Objective: Osteoporosis and depression are major public health problems worldwide. Studies have reported an association between antidepressant use, mainly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and bone mineral density (BMD), but the issue remains unclear.

Methods: This study examined data collected from 849 Australian men (aged 24-98 years) participating in the Geelong Osteoporosis Study (GOS).

Osteoclast formation elicited by interleukin-33 stimulation is dependent upon the type of osteoclast progenitor.

Osteoclasts are bone resorbing multinucleated cells (MNCs) derived from macrophage progenitors. IL-33 has been reported to drive osteoclastogenesis independently of receptor activator of NFκB ligand (RANKL) but this remains controversial as later studies did not confirm this. We found IL-33 clearly elicited functional dentine-resorbing osteoclast formation from human adult monocytes.