Dermatologic surgery on the chest wall in patients with a cardiac surgery history: a review of material that may be encountered intraoperatively, including potential complications and suggestions for proceeding safely.

Background: Thoracic surgical procedures and the use of cardiac devices such as pacemakers are becoming increasingly prevalent in the population. As such, dermatologists may have a greater likelihood of encountering previously implanted or abandoned surgical material in the course of dermatologic surgery on the chest wall. A basic understanding of the wire types and the tunneling paths utilized in such procedures is important in accurately anticipating the presence of these wires to effectively manage any chance encounters.